The impact of molybdenum on silicon and silicon solar cell performance

Rohatgi, A.; Hopkins, R.H.; Davis, James O.; Campbell, R. B.; Mollenkopf, H. C.

doi:10.1016/0038-1101(80)90032-5

Cited by 51 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…From these data the directly measured capture cross section of the interstitial molybdenum is 2.9x 10-16 cm 2 . This is similar to the value of 4.3 x 10-16 cm 2 measured by Rohatgi et al [8] using DLTS. The nano-precipitates have a much smaller majority cross section of 2.2x1O-19 cm 2 which is indicative of a Coulombic repulsion ie hole capture into a positively charged center.…”

Section: Electronic Propertiessupporting

confidence: 84%

Recombination via nano-precipitates … a new mechanism for efficiency loss in solar silicon?

Peaker

Hamilton

Leonard

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC)

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A�s�ract -Fast diffusing metals in silicon can form large preclpltate�. AI.though such precipitates can be damaging because of JunctIOn leakage they are not powerful recombination centers. In contrast we have investigated the precipitation of slow diffusing metals and found that they can produce nano precipitates with dimensions of 2 to 10 nm. These have strong recombination activity. In this paper we focus on molybdenum nano-precipitates and present an analysis of recombination behavior derived from deep level transient spectroscopy. The chemical species of the nano-precipitates has been determined using transmission electron microscopy.

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Section: Electronic Propertiessupporting

confidence: 84%

Recombination via nano-precipitates … a new mechanism for efficiency loss in solar silicon?

Peaker

Hamilton

Leonard

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC)

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“…The large peak at around 175 K is a peak that has previously been related to single molybdenum atoms in solution and an Arrhenius plot confirmed it was the same peak. Measurements at different biases enable us to profile the concentration of the Mo‐related defects as a function of depth.…”

Section: Electronic Measurements and Propertiessupporting

confidence: 67%

Molybdenum nano‐precipitates in silicon: A TEM and DLTS study

Leonard

Маркевич

Peaker

et al. 2014

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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The quest for low cost solar cells has resulted in attempts to use lower purity silicon rather than conventional electronic grade material. The metallic content of such 'solar silicon' is usually much higher than electronic grade material and this compromises the efficiency of photovoltaic conversion via a variety of recombination mechanisms. Molybdenum is a common metallic contaminant in Si which is difficult to getter because of its low diffusivity. It is known that Mo incorporates into the Si lattice as single interstitial atoms, introducing a deep donor level into the gap. In this work, we show that Mo in silicon can also form nano-precipitates which may represent a new general class of efficient recombination centres. We have observed the Mo precipitates by TEM as 5-10 nm clusters in Si samples into which molybdenum was introduced during growth or by ion implantation and annealing. In general, such precipitates can form in Si samples containing metals with low diffusivity during high-temperature treatments and subsequent cooling. We report the carrier capture and emission properties of Mo nano-precipitates, which show that these could be very effective recombination centres for minority carriers in p-type Si. In particular we present data and analysis of minority carrier charge exchange at these nano-dimension metallic defects.

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“…Since the acceptor is deep (E b A kT ), it does not release holes for reasonable temperatures. Examples of suitable impurities for compensation of electrons are Si:Au [223], GaAs:Cr [224] and InP:Fe [225]. A deep donor, e.g.…”

Section: Semi-insulating Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physics of Semiconductors

Grundmann¹

2006

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The impact of molybdenum on silicon and silicon solar cell performance

Cited by 51 publications

References 12 publications

Recombination via nano-precipitates … a new mechanism for efficiency loss in solar silicon?

Recombination via nano-precipitates … a new mechanism for efficiency loss in solar silicon?

Molybdenum nano‐precipitates in silicon: A TEM and DLTS study

The Physics of Semiconductors

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The impact of molybdenum on silicon and silicon solar cell performance

Cited by 51 publications

References 12 publications

Recombination via nano-precipitates &#x2026; a new mechanism for efficiency loss in solar silicon?

Recombination via nano-precipitates &#x2026; a new mechanism for efficiency loss in solar silicon?

Molybdenum nano‐precipitates in silicon: A TEM and DLTS study

The Physics of Semiconductors

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Recombination via nano-precipitates … a new mechanism for efficiency loss in solar silicon?

Recombination via nano-precipitates … a new mechanism for efficiency loss in solar silicon?