The Impact of Media Use on Sleep Patterns and Sleep Disorders among School-Aged Children in China

Li, Shenghui; Jin, Xinming; Wu, Shih-Chung; Jiang, Fan; Yan, Chen‐Hua; Shen, Xiaoming

doi:10.1093/sleep/30.3.361

Cited by 202 publications

(183 citation statements)

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“…29 The association between television viewing and computer use and sleep duration is supported by several other studies. 13,16 They might impair sleep quality and duration, for example, by increasing the arousal state, 30 or alternatively, sleeping less might lead to more leisure time to fill in with television viewing and computer use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between sleep duration and overweight: the importance of parenting

et al. 2012

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OBJECTIVE: Sleep duration has been related to overweight in children, but determinants of sleep duration are unclear. The aims were to investigate the association between sleep duration and childhood overweight adjusted for family characteristics and unhealthy behaviours, to explore determinants of sleep duration and to determine with sleep competing activities. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2006 among 4072 children aged 4-13 years in the city of Zwolle, The Netherlands. In these children, data were available on measured height, weight and waist circumference, and from a parental questionnaire, on socio-demographic characteristics, child's sleep duration, nutrition, physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Associations were studied in 2011 using logistic and linear regression analyses, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Short sleep duration was associated with overweight for 4-8-year-old boys (odds ratio (OR):3.10; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.15-8.40), 9-13-year-old boys (OR:4.96; 95% CI:1.35-18.16) and 9-13-year-old girls (OR:4.86; 95% CI:1.59-14.88). Among 4-8-year-old girls no statistically significant association was found. Determinants for short sleep duration were viewing television during a meal, permission to have candy without asking, not being active with their caregiver and a late bedtime. For all children, short sleep duration was strongly associated with more television viewing and computer use. CONCLUSIONS: Association between sleep duration and overweight is not explained by socio-demographic variables, drinking sugared drinks and eating snacks. Parents have a key role in stimulating optimal sleep duration. Improving parenting skills and knowledge to offer children more structure, and possibly with that, increase sleeping hours, may be promising in prevention of overweight. INTRODUCTIONOver the past decades, there has been a growing interest in the relationship between sleep duration and high body weight. A large number of studies has shown an association between reduced sleep duration and childhood overweight, especially in young children. [1][2][3] The association between short sleep duration and overweight seems to be stronger for boys than girls, 4 although not all studies have reported a gender difference. 2 Possible explanations for the association between sleep duration and overweight include the role of behavioural and hormonal factors; short sleep leaves more time for eating, particularly snacking or drinking sugared drinks, and causes alterations in appetite-regulating hormones resulting in overeating. 1,2,5 Moreover, sleepiness may result in reduced physical activity and increased sedentary behaviour. 1,2,5 Determinants of short sleep duration have not yet been fully explored. Presumably, sleep duration is influenced by a combination of socio-demographic, behavioural and environmental factors. With regard to socio-demographic factors, children of Caucasian ethnicity have been indicated to sleep longer than children of other ethnicities. [6][7][8][9] ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies indicate that shorter sleep duration is associated with more television viewing and computer use; [12][13][14][15] others found a relation between physical activity and sleep duration in girls, only. 12 However, these results are inconsistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between sleep duration and overweight: the importance of parenting

et al. 2012

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“…Although this finding has been consistently replicated with high levels of use, bedtime use, and violent or frightening media content, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] effects have been observed across cultures and in all media formats (television, 6,[8][9][10] video games, [10][11][12] and computers 11,13,14 ) and across the age spectrum, including preschoolers, 2,7-9 school-aged children, 1,[3][4][5][6] and adolescents and adults. [13][14][15] Much of the existing research linking media use to child sleep problems has been crosssectional, however, raising the possibility that the causality is reversed; that is, that sleep problems are leading to increased media use, evening media use, and exposure to violent media content, rather than the other way around.…”

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confidence: 97%

The Impact of a Healthy Media Use Intervention on Sleep in Preschool Children

Garrison

Christakis

2012

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Although observational studies have consistently reported an association between media use and child sleep problems, it is unclear whether the relationship is causal or if an intervention targeting healthy media use can improve sleep in preschool-aged children. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study demonstrates that a healthy media use intervention can improve child sleep outcomes and adds evidence that the relationship between media and sleep in preschool-aged children is indeed causal in nature. abstract BACKGROUND: Although observational studies have consistently reported an association between media use and child sleep problems, it is unclear whether the relationship is causal or if an intervention targeting healthy media use can improve sleep in preschool-aged children. METHODS:We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a healthy media use intervention in families of children aged 3 to 5 years. The intervention encouraged families to replace violent or ageinappropriate media content with quality educational and prosocial content, through an initial home visit and follow-up telephone calls over 6 months. Sleep measures were derived from the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire and were collected at 6, 12, and 18 months after baseline; repeated-measures regression analyses were used. RESULTS:Among the 565 children analyzed, the most common sleep problem was delayed sleep-onset latency (38%). Children in the intervention group had significantly lower odds of "any sleep problem" at follow-up in the repeated-measures analysis (odds ratio = 0.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.16 to 0.83), with a trend toward a decrease in intervention effect over time (P = .07). Although there was no significant effect modification detected by baseline sleep or behavior problems, gender, or low-income status, there was a trend (P = .096) toward an increased effect among those with high levels of violence exposure at baseline. CONCLUSIONS:The significant effects of a healthy media use intervention on child sleep problems in the context of a randomized controlled trial suggest that the previously reported relationship between media use and child sleep problems is indeed causal in nature. Pediatrics 2012;130:492-499 AUTHORS:

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“…17,19 Interestingly, in-room access to a computer or TV was significantly related to less sleep among boys with ASD but not among those with ADHD or TD. Average video game exposure per day was also associated with less time spent sleeping in the ASD and ADHD groups but not in the TD group.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 96%

“…16 Indeed, in-room access to a TV, computer, or electronic games has been shown to be associated with less total sleep in previous studies. [17][18][19][20] Similarly, children who spend more time using these media sleep less, 17,[21][22][23] leading some researchers to speculate that bedroom access to screen-based media may have an indirect effect on sleep. 16 However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has specifically tested this indirect effect hypothesis, nor has any study examined how media use relates to sleep among individuals with ASD or ADHD.…”

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confidence: 99%

Media Use and Sleep Among Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, or Typical Development

2013

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for sleep disturbances and excessive media use. However, the relationship between media use and sleep in children with ASD or ADHD has not been studied. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:In-room access to screen-based media and video game hours were associated with less sleep among boys with ASD. The relationships between media use and sleep were much more pronounced among boys with ASD than among boys with ADHD or typical development.abstract OBJECTIVE: The current study examined the relationships between media use (television, computer, and video games) and sleep among boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with those with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or with typical development (TD). METHODS:Participants included parents of boys with ASD (n = 49), ADHD (n = 38), or TD (n = 41) (ages 8-17 years). Questionnaires assessed daily hours of media use, bedroom access to media, and average sleep hours per night. RESULTS:Bedroom media access was associated with less time spent sleeping per night, irrespective of diagnostic group. Bedroom access to a television or a computer was more strongly associated with reduced sleep among boys with ASD compared with boys with ADHD or TD. Multivariate models showed that, in addition to bedroom access, the amount of time spent playing video games was uniquely associated with less sleep among boys with ASD. In the ASD group only, the relationship between bedroom access to video games and reduced sleep was mediated by hours of video game play. CONCLUSIONS:The current results suggest that media-related variables may be an important consideration in understanding sleep disturbances in children with ASD. Further research is needed to better characterize the processes by which media use may affect sleep among individuals with ASD. Overall, the current findings suggest that screen-based media time and bedroom media access should be routinely assessed and may be important intervention targets when addressing sleep problems in children with ASD.

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The Impact of Media Use on Sleep Patterns and Sleep Disorders among School-Aged Children in China

Abstract: The presence of media in a child's bedroom and media use had a negative effect on children's sleep/wake patterns, duration of sleep, and sleep disorders.

Cited by 202 publications

References 35 publications

Association between sleep duration and overweight: the importance of parenting

Association between sleep duration and overweight: the importance of parenting

The Impact of a Healthy Media Use Intervention on Sleep in Preschool Children

Media Use and Sleep Among Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, or Typical Development

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