The Impact of Maternal High-Fat Diet on Bone Microarchitecture in Offspring

Buckels, Emma J.; Bolam, Scott M.; Tay, Mei Lin; Matthews, Brya G.

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.730037

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…They found an association of high maternal TC at mid-pregnancy with altered development in these infants. These results are in agreement with pre-clinical findings and suggest that a high-fat diet during pregnancy can disturb the growth and development of the offspring (13).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Editorial: Role of hormones and bioactive components in breast milk on development of metabolic, neural and behavioral systems in offspring

Melo

Hoffman

2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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Editorial on the Research TopicRole of hormones and bioactive components in breast milk on development of metabolic, neural and behavioral systems in offspring Early life experiences in mammals shape developmental processes in most physiological systems: in altricial mammals such as rodents and primates such experience interacts with genetic backround from the fetal stage to the first postnatal days (rodents) or months (humans). Although each species is unique and has its own developmental scheme, one can propose three critical periods of development during which external stimuliexperiencecan positively or negatively modify geneticallyprogrammed developmental processes through epigenetic mechanisms: the prenatal period, postnatal/pre-weaning period, and the juvenile/adolescence period. Among species, the timing and duration of these three main critical periods differ greatly. Moreover, different physiological systems (e.g., neural, metabolic, immune) often have distinct temporal windows of sensitivity within each of the critical periods.During pregnancy (prenatal intrauterine period) the effects of the environmental factors depend on the identity of the factor as well as the specific prenatal stage of exposure to that factor (germinal, embryonic, or fetal). For example, the neural tube develops into the nervous system during the fetal stage (in humans, from the ninth week until birth) and the neurons begin to migrate to their location and start establishing connections. Therefore, exposure to certain environmental factors during this period could positively or negatively affect the developing brain, depending on the nature of the factor. After birth, the immature infant advances to a new developmental phase where he/she receives nutrition from breastmilk and crucial sensory and social cues (primarily from the mother, but also from siblings, father and other conspecifics) that are necessary to achieve physiological independence [See (1, 2)].Breastmilk has attracted the scientific attention since the 1930´s, but studies have mainly focused on its nutritional function: the chemical structures of the macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) and their functions on the growth and development of the Frontiers in Endocrinology frontiersin.org 01

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Editorial: Role of hormones and bioactive components in breast milk on development of metabolic, neural and behavioral systems in offspring

Melo

Hoffman

2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Since the maternal supply of cholesterol to the fetus plays an important role in the development of the fetal nervous and vascular system ( 21 – 23 ), the maternal blood level of total cholesterol (TC) is linearly associated with the infant’s birth size ( 24 – 27 ). In contrast, findings from recent animal experimental studies indicated that maternal high-fat diet induces impairment of lung development and function ( 28 , 29 ), skeletal muscle ( 30 ), and/or bone mass development ( 31 – 33 ) and growth pattern ( 34 ) in the offspring. Although maternal lipids in the critical fetal period can influence infant growth, no study has investigated whether the maternal lipid blood level is associated with No-CU among SGA infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…This is the first human study to report results that are consistent with those of previous animal experimental studies. A mini-review ( 31 ) reported that majority of rodent studies indicate that maternal high-fat diet adversely affects both embryonic bone development and bone volume in adult animals ( 30 , 32 , 33 ). In addition, Mikovic et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Maternal Total Cholesterol Is Associated With No-Catch-up Growth in Full-Term SGA Infants: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Kaneko

Ito²,

Ebara³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectivesInfants born small for gestational age (SGA) with no catch-up growth (No-CU) are at high risk of intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, factors leading to No-CU among SGA infants are unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal total cholesterol (TC) in mid-pregnancy and No-CU at 3 years among full-term SGA infants.Study DesignThe Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) is a nationwide prospective birth cohort study. We extracted a total of 2,222 mothers and full-term SGA infants (length and/or weight <‐2 standard deviation [SD]) without congenital abnormalities from the original JECS cohort comprising a total of 104,062 fetal records. According to the distribution of maternal TC in the entire cohort, participants were classified into nine groups per each fifth percentile with the 20th–79th percentiles (204–260 mg/dl) as the reference group. No-CU was defined by a Z-score of height at 3 years <‐2 SD according to the growth standard charts for Japanese children. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were carried out using multiple imputations. Additionally, a multiple-adjusted restricted cubic spline model was performed in the complete dataset.ResultsA total of 362 (16.3%) children were No-CU at 3 years. After adjusting for the Z-score of birth weight, age of mother, smoking status, weight gain during pregnancy, breastfeeding and meal frequency at 2 years, and parents’ heights, the odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of No-CU was 2.95 (1.28–6.80) for children whose maternal TC levels were in the highest category (≥294 mg/dl), compared to the reference group. A multiple-adjusted restricted cubic spline model showed a non-linear trend of the significant association between high maternal TC and No-CU (p for linear trend = 0.05, p for quadratic trend <0.05).ConclusionHigh maternal TC at mid-pregnancy was associated with No-CU among SGA infants. Such infants should be carefully followed up to introduce appropriate growth hormonal treatment. The findings may support previous animal experimental studies which indicated that maternal high-fat diet exposure induces impairment of growth and skeletal muscle development in the offspring. Future studies are required to elucidate the detailed mechanism.

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“…We found that mice fed a HFD had decreased trabecular bone and cortical thickness compared to mice fed a LFD. While we did not further explore the cellular mechanisms underlying the bone loss in the current study, this occurrence has been well documented in both female and male rodents ( 49–53 ) and occurs via increased bone resorption ( 54 ) and decreased bone formation. ( 55 ) The HFD in our study consisted of 46% calories from fat, which is lower than the 60% fat diets used in many studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preptin Deficiency Does Not Protect against High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Metabolic Dysfunction or Bone Loss in Mice

et al. 2023

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Preptin is derived from the cleavage of the E‐peptide of pro‐insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐II and is an insulin secretagogue. Observational studies have linked elevated circulating preptin to metabolic dysfunction in humans; however, a causal role for preptin in metabolic dysfunction has not been established. Additionally, preptin can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, suggesting a link with skeletal health. We previously described a global preptin knockout (KO) model. In this study, we sought to uncover the impact of preptin KO in mice on the response to a moderately high‐fat diet (HFD) and low‐fat diet (LFD). HFD groups had higher weight and fat mass gain, lower trabecular and cortical bone volume and fracture load, and higher liver triglycerides. In males, preptin deficiency led to lower blood glucose than wild‐type (WT) mice under LFD conditions. This was accompanied by differences in bone microarchitecture, including lower trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and lower cortical thickness. These differences were absent in female mice, although KO females had a HFD‐driven increase in fat mass and liver triglycerides that was absent in WT mice. Female WT mice had increased glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion under HFD conditions that was absent in female KO mice. Overall, preptin may have a detrimental impact on metabolism and a positive impact on bone health in male mice and may protect against liver fat storage in females while enabling islet compensation under HFD conditions. When we consider that serum preptin levels are elevated in humans of both sexes in pathological states in which insulin levels are elevated, the impact of preptin on comorbidity risk needs to be better understood. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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The Impact of Maternal High-Fat Diet on Bone Microarchitecture in Offspring

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Editorial: Role of hormones and bioactive components in breast milk on development of metabolic, neural and behavioral systems in offspring

Editorial: Role of hormones and bioactive components in breast milk on development of metabolic, neural and behavioral systems in offspring

High Maternal Total Cholesterol Is Associated With No-Catch-up Growth in Full-Term SGA Infants: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Preptin Deficiency Does Not Protect against High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Metabolic Dysfunction or Bone Loss in Mice

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