The Impact of Local Communities’ Involvement and Relationship Quality on Sustainable Rural Tourism in Rural Area, Sarawak. The Moderating Impact of Self-efficacy

Equity Issues in Benefits Distribution: The Case of Kreo Cave Tourism in Semarang, Indonesia

“…Wasini people enjoyed many more benefits than those of Mkwiro. The key is unsurprisingly similar to that found by Fun et al (2014) with the Sarawak case. Job and Paesler (2013: 18) have argued that "…tourism per se does not necessarily contribute to poverty-reduction; it is the tourist businesses' ties with the local economy that matter".…”

“…Heritage and religious tourism has been proven able to assist the economic resilience of the area. Good social capital and local community commitment similar to that found by Fun et al (2014) are the main factors in the positive benefit distribution.…”

“…Convincingly, Fun et al (2014) provide evidence that the benefit distribution function of tourism can be positive. Using the case of Sarawak, Malaysia, the researchers have discovered the existence of one important condition, namely, the quality of community engagement.…”

“…After learning of the success of tourism development in various parts of the world, said to be the main engine of economic growth and poverty reduction (Fun et al, 2014), it is necessary to review the concept of Equity-Based Development.…”

“…Various studies on tourism development discussed previously, from the island of Bali in Indonesia (Cole, 2012), the Maasai region in Tanzania (Buzinde et al, 2014), Virginia in the United States (Kim et al, 2013;Boley and McGehee, 2014), to Sarawak in Malaysia (Fun et al, 2014) and Wasini Island in Kenya (Job and Paesler, 2013), aver that the tourism sector can generate a positive distribution of benefits. Referring to the concept of EBD, such an outcome is characterized by low levels of equity failures Ia and Ib.…”