The Impact of Homophobic Labels on the Internalized Homophobia and Body Image of Gay Men: The Moderation Role of Coming-Out

Bianchi, Mauro; Piccoli, Valentina; Zotti, Davide; Fasoli, Fábio; Carnaghi, Andréa

doi:10.1177/0261927x16654735

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Archival data analyses conducted by Mullen and Smyth (2004) revealed that immigrant minorities' suicide rate is strongly predicted by the negativity of the ethnophaulisms used to describe the minority (which was derived from the historical record of hate speech in the United States). An Italian study, in which gay people were exposed to homophobic labels (Bianchi, Piccoli, Zotti, Fasoli, & Carnaghi, 2017) found that homosexual individuals (particularly those who were open with their identity) reported higher levels of internalized homophobia after being confronted with such labels. Interestingly, the reverse pattern was observed for those participants who were hiding their gay identity.…”

Section: Hate Speech Deteriorates Well-being: the Minority Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Hate Speech Epidemic. The Dynamic Effects of Derogatory Language on Intergroup Relations and Political Radicalization

Bilewicz

Soral

2020

Political Psychology

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to derogatory language about immigrants and minority groups leads to political radicalization and deteriorates intergroup relations. This article addresses the psychological processes responsible for these effects as well as those involved in hate‐speech proliferation in contemporary societies and discusses the factors that constrain its growth. We propose that frequent exposure to hate speech has severe effects on emotional, behavioral, and normative levels. Exposure to hate speech results in empathy being replaced by intergroup contempt as a dominant response to others—it is both a motivator and a consequence of derogatory language. The increased presence of hate speech in one's environment creates a sense of a descriptive norm that allows outgroup derogation. This leads to the erosion of existing antidiscriminatory norms. Finally, through a process of desensitization, hate speech reduces people's ability to recognize the offensive character of such language. Based on empirical evidence from the fields of social psychology and psychology of emotion and aggression, we propose a model that explains the described processes, and we trace the dynamics of this model using an agent‐based modeling approach. We show that the mechanisms potentially effective in constraining hate‐speech proliferation (empathy, norms) are eroded by hate speech itself. We argue that through basic psychological dynamics, societies become more accepting of derogatory language and less accepting of immigrants, as well as religious, ethnic, and sexual minorities.

show abstract

Section: Hate Speech Deteriorates Well-being: the Minority Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Hate Speech Epidemic. The Dynamic Effects of Derogatory Language on Intergroup Relations and Political Radicalization

Bilewicz

Soral

2020

Political Psychology

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Together, these tools are urgently needed given the detrimental consequences that 18" homophobic bullying and harassment have on the victim's well-being (e.g., depression, 19" psychological distress, and low self-esteem; Bianchi, Piccoli, Zotti, Fasoli, & Carnaghi, 2017;20" Bontempo & D'Augelli, 2002;Collier, Van Beusekom, Bos, & Sandfort, 2013;Swearer, Turner, 21" Givens, & Pollack, 2008;Wyss, 2004), and scholastic success (e.g., school absenteeism, discipline 22" problems, and a low level of school belonging; Kosciw et al, 2016;Rivers, 2000;Poteat & 23" Espelage, 2007).…”

Section: "mentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with School Staff Responses to Homophobic Bullying

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This cross-sectional research investigates the individual (i.e., sexual prejudice, contact with lesbian 5" and gay [LG] people, and perceived seriousness of homophobic epithets) and contextual (i.e., 6" homophobic bullying observed by school staff and perceived colleague reactions to homophobic 7" bullying) factors as predictors of school staff intervention against vs. legitimization of homophobic 8" bullying. Data were collected in secondary schools in the North of Italy via a paper-and-pencil 9" survey. Participants were school staff members (N = 273) from 24 Italian secondary schools. The 10" results have indicated that the higher the sexual prejudice and the lower the contact with LG 11" individuals, the higher the legitimization of homophobic bullying. Also, perceiving colleagues as 12" legitimizing or intervening in cases of homophobic bullying predicted similar reactions on the part 13" of school staff participants. The findings are discussed with respect to the current literature 14" regarding homophobic bullying, and applied interventions for school staff training programs to 15" tackle homophobic bullying at school are put forward.

show abstract

“…Frequent usage of homophobic epithets has subtly trained individuals to marginalise LGBT people, just like frequent usage of cardinal points trains orientation. Several empirical studies found a significant correlation between exposure to homophobic insults and homophobia (Burn 2000;Carnaghi and Maass 2007;Bianchi et al 2017), corroborating the theoretical proposition that language shapes thought. Not only this phenomenon hurts a sizeable minority, but it also legitimises an unconscious form of violence and marginalisation, reinforcing a sociocultural barrier based on conformation to heteronormative standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Language as a proxy for cultural change. A contrastive analysis for French and Italian lexicon on male homosexuality

Bevilacqua

Cerciello

2021

Qual Quant

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Discrimination against LGBT people represents a significant and long-standing societal problem that occurs in several forms, including lexical discrimination, which consists in frequent usage of discriminatory epithets. Lexical discrimination produces a vicious circle where speakers grow subconsciously accustomed to abusive language and marginalisation becomes institutionalised. A vast literature has tackled lexical discrimination, providing several country-level studies. The cases of France and Italy are described as very different: while the French experience is centred around grassroot mobilisation, Italy features a traditional strategy of silence. This work aims to verify such difference empirically. Using a rich and detailed dataset, we apply time series analysis on the frequencies of usage of the terms that characterise male homosexuality. Our results highlight some similarities and some differences between the French and the Italian case, stressing the importance of lexical resemantisation that occurred in France but not in Italy.

show abstract

The Impact of Homophobic Labels on the Internalized Homophobia and Body Image of Gay Men: The Moderation Role of Coming-Out

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Hate Speech Epidemic. The Dynamic Effects of Derogatory Language on Intergroup Relations and Political Radicalization

Hate Speech Epidemic. The Dynamic Effects of Derogatory Language on Intergroup Relations and Political Radicalization

Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with School Staff Responses to Homophobic Bullying

Language as a proxy for cultural change. A contrastive analysis for French and Italian lexicon on male homosexuality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About