The Impact of Electronic Media Violence: Scientific Theory and Research

Abstract

Since the early 1960s research evidence has been accumulating that suggests that exposure to violence in television, movies, video games, cell phones, and on the internet increases the risk of violent behavior on the viewer's part just as growing up in an environment filled with real violence increases the risk of them behaving violently. In the current review this research evidence is critically assessed, and the psychological theory that explains why exposure to violence has detrimental effects for both the short run and long run is elaborated. Finally, the size of the "media violence effect" is compared with some other well known threats to society to estimate how important a threat it should be considered.One of the notable changes in our social environment in the 20 th and 21st centuries has been the saturation of our culture and daily lives by the mass media. In this new environment radio, television, movies, videos, video games, cell phones, and computer networks have assumed central roles in our children's daily lives. For better or worse the mass media are having an enormous impact on our children's values, beliefs, and behaviors. Unfortunately, the consequences of one particular common element of the electronic mass media has a particularly detrimental effect on children's well being. Research evidence has accumulated over the past half-century that exposure to violence on television, movies, and most recently in video games increases the risk of violent behavior on the viewer's part just as growing up in an environment filled with real violence increases the risk of violent behavior. Correspondingly, the recent increase in the use of mobile phones, text messaging, e-mail, and chat rooms by our youth have opened new venues for social interaction in which aggression can occur and youth can be victimized -new venues that break the old boundaries of family, neighborhood, and community that might have protected our youth to some extent in the past. These globe spanning electronic communication media have not really introduced new psychological threats to our children, but they have made it much harder to protect youth from the threats and have exposed many more of them to threats that only a few might have experienced before. It is now not just kids in bad neighborhoods or with bad friends who are likely to be exposed to bad things when they go out on the street. A 'virtual' bad street is easily available to most youth now. However, our response should not be to panic and keep our children "indoors" because the "streets" out there are dangerous. The streets also provide wonderful experiences and help youth become the kinds of adults we desire. Rather our response should be to understand the dangers on the streets, to help our children understand and avoid the dangers, to avoid

Blazing Angels or Resident Evil? Can Violent Video Games be a Force for Good?

“…Beginning in the TV era, and continuing into the video game era, the causal hypothesis increasingly has been presented not only as one side of a reasonable debate, or a theory with some support, but rather as a fact Cook, 2000) and a public health crisis on par with smoking and lung cancer Huesmann, 2007), or even a scientific law (Huesmann & Taylor, 2003). Such rhetoric is, of course, quite rare in the social sciences, due to the limitations of social science research (Uttal, 2007), and even uncommon in the "hard" sciences.…”

Are Adolescents with Internet Addiction Prone to Aggressive Behavior? The Mediating Effect of Clinical Comorbidities on the Predictability of Aggression in Adolescents with Internet Addiction

“…18,19 Understanding the risk factors for the development of aggressive behavior is among the important precursors to the development of primary prevention strategies for adolescent violence. 12 The associations between IAD and psychiatric comorbidities have also been reported.…”

Effects of Media Ratings on Children and Adolescents: A Litmus Test of the Forbidden Fruit Effect

“…On the one side there is research that indicates that the effects are nonexistent or low (e.g., Ferguson & Kilburn, 2010;Savage & Yancey, 2008;Sherry, 2001Sherry, , 2007. Other studies, however, did find a relationship between children's exposure to harmful (e.g., violent) media content and the development of undesirable attitudes and behaviors, violent behaviors in particular (e.g., Bushman & Huesmann, 2001;Earles, Alexander, Johnson, Liverpool, & McGhee, 2002;Hogben, 1998;Huesmann, 2007;Konijn, Nije Bijvank, & Bushman, 2006;Paik & Comstock, 1994).…”