The impact of drought on the health and livelihoods of women and children in India: A systematic review

Algur, Kisan; Patel, Surendra Kumar; Chauhan, Shekhar

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105909

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Other studies across different regions also have indicated that the effects of drought on mortality are dependent on drought severity, with higher implications mostly associated with higher severity levels (Alam et al, 2021;Berman et al, 2017;Stanke et al, 2013), which is in accordance with our results. Our findings also support the conclusions of several studies that highlighted that drought can impact human health through different mechanisms, mostly affecting vulnerable populations as children under 5 years, the elderly, and females (Algur et al, 2021;Alpino et al, 2016;Salvador et al, 2020a;Stanke et al, 2013;UNDRR, 2021;Yusa et al, 2015). In terms of health impact, we found that the excess mortality risk attributable to extreme drought exposure in the total population was 0.99%, exceeding that observed to heat in Brazil (0.70%) (Gasparrini et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This is because they usually face additional risks associated primarily with gender inequalities and gender roles, such as differences in the control over or access to resources and educational or employment status and opportunities between males and females, among others (Desai & Zhang, 2021; UNDRR, 2021). In addition, these inequalities may result in different health outcomes in different countries or communities, due to religious, ethnic, or social norms (Algur et al., 2021; Cardona et al., 2012). Particularly in Brazil, it has been reported that females have higher experiences of discrimination than males (Macinko et al., 2012), as well as worse health status and a greater demand and use of health services that have been commonly associated with gender behaviors, socially and culturally constructed (e.g., repercussions due to work overload in females related to additional responsibilities relative to homework and care), which could influence in higher vulnerability (Aquino et al., 1992; Cobo et al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Drought on Mortality in Macro Urban Areas of Brazil Between 2000 and 2019

et al. 2022

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A significant fraction of Brazil's population has been exposed to drought in recent years, a situation that is expected to worsen in frequency and intensity due to climate change. This constitutes a current key environmental health concern, especially in densely urban areas such as several big cities and suburbs. For the first time, a comprehensive assessment of the short‐term drought effects on weekly non‐external, circulatory, and respiratory mortality was conducted in 13 major Brazilian macro‐urban areas across 2000–2019. We applied quasi‐Poisson regression models adjusted by temperature to explore the association between drought (defined by the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index) and the different mortality causes by location, sex, and age groups. We next conducted multivariate meta‐analytical models separated by cause and population groups to pool individual estimates. Impact measures were expressed as the attributable fractions among the exposed population, from the relative risks (RRs). Overall, a positive association between drought exposure and mortality was evidenced in the total population, with RRs varying from 1.003 [95% CI: 0.999–1.007] to 1.010 [0.996–1.025] for non‐external mortality related to moderate and extreme drought conditions, from 1.002 [0.997–1.007] to 1.008 [0.991–1.026] for circulatory mortality, and from 1.004 [0.995–1.013] to 1.013 [0.983–1.044] for respiratory mortality. Females, children, and the elderly population were the most affected groups, for whom a robust positive association was found. The study also revealed high heterogeneity between locations. We suggest that policies and action plans should pay special attention to vulnerable populations to promote efficient measures to reduce vulnerability and risks associated with droughts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Drought on Mortality in Macro Urban Areas of Brazil Between 2000 and 2019

et al. 2022

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“…On the other hand, a review of drought impacts on health in Africa found increased anemia, cholera, scabies, dengue fever, and child nutrition-related disabilities, including stunting and wasting 85 . Drought was associated with lower odds of completing childhood BCG, DPT, and polio vaccines, suggesting risk of future disease outbreaks 86 . In a systematic review, during droughts in India, the work burden on women and children increased, along with malnutrition and anemia 87 .…”

Section: Extreme Cold: "Everything Gets Worse If You Don't Have Elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

2021 Climate and Health Review – Uncharted Territory: Extreme Weather Events and Morbidity

Sheehan

2022

Int J Health Serv

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Extreme weather events (EWEs) affected health in every world region during 2021, placing the planet in “uncharted territory.” Portraying the human impacts of EWEs is part of a health frame that suggests public knowledge of these risks will spur support for needed policy change. The health frame has gained traction since the Paris COP21 (United Nations Climate Change Conference) and arguably helped to achieve modest progress at the Glasgow COP26. However, reporting rarely covers the full picture of health impacts from EWEs, instead focusing on cost of damages, mortality, and displacement. This review summarizes data for 30 major EWEs of 2021 and, based on the epidemiological literature, discusses morbidity-related exposures for four hazards that marked the year: wildfire smoke; extreme cold and power outages; extreme, precipitation-related flooding; and drought. A very large likely burden of morbidity was found, with particularly widespread exposure to risk of respiratory outcomes (including interactions with COVID-19) and mental illnesses. There is need for a well-disseminated global annual report on EWE morbidity, including affected population estimates and evolving science. In this way, the public health frame may be harnessed to bolster evidence for the broader and promising frame of “urgency and agency” for climate change action.

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“…In a study by Ahmed et al ( 2004), 53% of women promoted patriarchal beliefs And their own pleasure in violence Not well known now. The authors (Roy & Choi, 2018) in a scoping assessment Conservative Gender-Activity and IPV-Support Attitudes to DV vulnerability in SA culture were identified as constant threat elements [11]. A discount in each the Amount For a sharp decline in diet Studies have provided evidence firstclass, meals inequity, and reduced intake of crucial commodities which includes milk and greens, leading to destructive fitness results for women and children (Ko, 2012).…”

Section: Crime Against Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study for Different Crime against women in India by using PROMETHEE Methods

2020

rmc

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Crime against women in India Most of the cases in 2021 will be kidnapping and kidnapping, rape, domestic violence, dowry deaths and assaults, the report said. Also, 107 girls were subjected to acid attacks, 1,580 girls were kidnapped, 15 girls were sold and 2,668 girls were victims of cyber crimes. One of the most common crimes in India is rape. Penile rape under the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 and defines as non-penile penetration. lady's frame openings without her consent. According to the National Crime Archives, a female is raped every 20 mins in India. For the purposes of this sub-phase, "dowry" means Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961) same as in section 2. (2) One who causes loss of life by dowry in 2021; nearly 6.8 thousand cases of dowry death were reported in India. This has been a gradual decline since 2014, when the number was around 8.5 thousand. One of the most common crimes in India is rape. Penile rape under the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 and defines as non-penile penetration. PROMETHEE (Priority Ranking System Method for Crime against women in India) About PROMETHEE methods and usage to uncover current research to classify and explain A classification scheme and a comprehensive literature review is presented in this Alternative of Dowry Deaths, Abetment to Suicide of Women, Miscarriage, Acid Attack, Attempt to Acid Attack and Evaluation of parameters in Cases Sent for Trial during the year - Col. (4) 2021, Cases Sent for Trial during the year - Col. (4) 2020, Cases Sent for Trial during the year - Col. (4) 2019, Cases Sent for Trial during the year - Col. (4) 2018, Cases Sent for Trial during the year - Col. (4) 2017. Acid Attack is got the first rank whereas is the Abetment to Suicide of Women is having the Lowest rank.

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The impact of drought on the health and livelihoods of women and children in India: A systematic review

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of Drought on Mortality in Macro Urban Areas of Brazil Between 2000 and 2019

Effects of Drought on Mortality in Macro Urban Areas of Brazil Between 2000 and 2019

2021 Climate and Health Review – Uncharted Territory: Extreme Weather Events and Morbidity

A Study for Different Crime against women in India by using PROMETHEE Methods

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