The impact of daycare attendance on outdoor free play in young children

Carsley, Sarah; Liang, Laura; Chen, Y; Parkin, Patricia C.; Maguire, Jonathon L.; Birken, Catherine S.

doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdw006

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These studies represented a total of 188,498 unique participants and one study involving 422 Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) centers [ 70 , 105 ], with the analytic samples ranging between 100 and 29,159 and from 29 countries. Of 107 studies included, 27 studies were based on samples from the US [ 45 , 46 , 57 , 62 , 63 , 66 – 69 , 72 , 77 , 81 – 83 , 87 , 92 , 93 , 96 , 102 , 106 , 118 , 119 , 121 , 125 , 126 , 132 ], followed by Australia ( n = 14) [ 31 , 36 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 65 , 105 , 114 , 116 , 122 , 129 – 131 ] and Canada ( n = 11) [ 50 , 60 , 61 , 73 , 76 , 98 , 105 , 115 , 117 , 135 ] (one study included both Australia and Canada [ 70 ]). There were 96 cross-sectional [ 31 – 35 , 38 , 40 – 50 , 52 – 56 , 58 – 102 , 104 – 110 , 113 – 121 , 123 ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies represented a total of 188,498 unique participants and one study involving 422 Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) centers [70,105], with the analytic samples ranging between 100 and 29,159 and from 29 countries. Of 107 studies included, 27 studies were based on samples from the US [45, 46, 57, 62, 63, 66-69, 72, 77, 81-83, 87, 92, 93, 96, 102, 106, 118, 119, 121, 125, 126, 132], followed by Australia (n = 14) [31,36,50,51,53,54,65,105,114,116,122,[129][130][131] and Canada (n = 11) [50,60,61,73,76,98,105,115,117,135] (one study included both Australia and Canada [70]). There were 96 crosssectional [31-35, 38, 40-50, 52-56, 58-102, 104-110, 113-121, 123-130, 134-137] and 12 longitudinal studies (prospective, n = 11 [39,53,54,103,111,112,130,133,137]; retrospective, n = 1 [65]), of which two studies included both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs [37,96].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review of the correlates of outdoor play and time among children aged 3-12 years

Lee

Bains

Hunter

et al. 2021

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Background Due to the myriad of benefits of children’s outdoor play and time, there is increasing concern over its decline. This systematic review synthesized evidence on the correlates of outdoor play and outdoor time among children aged 3-12 years. Methods A total of 12 electronic databases in five different languages (Chinese, English, Korean, Spanish, Portuguese) were searched between October 28, 2019 and July 27, 2020. Covidence software was used for screening and Microsoft Excel with a predesigned coding form was used for data extraction. Evidence was synthesized and correlates were categorized using the socioecological model framework. Results Based on 107 studies representing 188,498 participants and 422 childcare centers from 29 countries, 85 studies examined potential correlates of outdoor play while 23 studies examined that of outdoor time (one examined both). The duration of outdoor play and outdoor time ranged between 60 and 165 min/d and 42-240 min/d, respectively. Out of 287 (outdoor play) and 61 (outdoor time) potential correlates examined, 111 correlates for outdoor play and 33 correlates for outdoor time were identified as significant correlates. Thirty-three variables were identified as key/common correlates of outdoor play/time, including eight correlates at the individual level (e.g., sex/gender, race/ethnicity, physical activity), 10 correlates at the parental level (e.g., parental attitude/support/behavior, parenting practice), nine at the microsystem level (e.g., proximal home/social environment such as residence type, peer influence), three at the macrosystem/community level (e.g., availability of space children can play), and three at the physical ecology/pressure for macrosystem change level (e.g., seasonality, rurality). No key correlates were found at the institutional level. Conclusions Individual, parental, and proximal physical (home) and social environments appear to play a role in children’s outdoor play and time. Ecological factors (i.e., seasonality, rurality) also appear to be related to outdoor play/time. Evidence was either inconsistent or lacking at institutional and macrosystem/community levels. Standardizing terminology and measures of outdoor play/time is warranted. Future work should investigate the interactions and processes of multiple variables across different levels of socioecological modelling to better understand the mechanisms through which outdoor play/time opportunities can be optimized for children while paying special attention to varying conditions in which children are born, live, and play.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies represented a total of 188,498 unique participants and one study involving 422 Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) centers [70,105], with the analytic samples ranging between 100 and 29,159 and from 29 countries. Of 107 studies included, 27 studies were based on samples from the US [45, 46, 57, 62, 63, 66-69, 72, 77, 81-83, 87, 92, 93, 96, 102, 106, 118, 119, 121, 125, 126, 132], followed by Australia (n = 14) [31,36,50,51,53,54,65,105,114,116,122,[129][130][131] and Canada (n = 11) [50,60,61,73,76,98,105,115,117,135] (one study included both Australia and Canada [70]). There were 96 crosssectional [31-35, 38, 40-50, 52-56, 58-102, 104-110, 113-121, 123-130, 134-137] and 12 longitudinal studies (prospective, n = 11 [39,53,54,103,111,112,130,133,137]; retrospective, n = 1 [65]), of which two studies included both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs [37,96].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the correlates of outdoor play and time among children aged 3-12 years

Lee

Bains

Hunter

et al. 2021

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The study quality was rated high in 11 [27,48,56,57,58,63,64,65,66,67,69] and fair in 10 [5,23,26,55,59,60,61,62,68,70] studies. The more detailed quality assessment for each study is presented in the Supplementary material Table S3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, 40% of the children aged 3–4 of employed mothers in the United States were in non-familial childcare over 35 h per week [79]. Possibly, mothers expect that daycare centers facilitate opportunities to be physically active and to play outdoors for their children [61]. Mothers encouragement of their children in playing outdoors at home may have decreased due to these reasons [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental Correlates of Outdoor Play in Boys and Girls Aged 0 to 12—A Systematic Review

Boxberger

Reimers

2019

IJERPH

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Outdoor play is one major source of physical activity (PA) in children. In particular, parents act as gatekeepers, because they can enable their children’s outdoor play. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of parental correlates of outdoor play. A systematic literature research of six electronic databases (ERIC, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, and Web of Science Core Collection) was conducted with previously defined search terms, focusing on children 0–12 years old. In total, 1719 potentially publications were screened based on eligibility criteria. Included studies were scored for overall study quality. Findings were summarized using a semi-quantitative method. Twenty-one peer-reviewed publications which examined the relationship of parental correlates and outdoor play were included. Overall, five parental correlates were associated with children’s amount of outdoor play: mothers’ ethnicity, mothers’ employment status, parents’ education level, the importance parents assign to outdoor play, and perceived social cohesion in the neighborhood. Merely four studies reported sex/gender-stratified results. In summary, only parents’ encouragement/support provided evidence for girls’ amount of outdoor play. The findings are considered to be of public health relevance for developing intervention programs to increase outdoor play and for improving child’s health. More research, especially considering sex/gender of the child, is required.

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The longitudinal association between temperament and physical activity in young children

Korczak

Madigan

Szatmári

et al. 2018

Preventive Medicine

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The impact of daycare attendance on outdoor free play in young children

Abstract: Children who spend more time in daycare have less parent-reported outdoor free play. Parents may be relying on daycare to provide opportunity for outdoor free play and interventions to promote increased active play opportunities outside of daycare are needed.

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Systematic review of the correlates of outdoor play and time among children aged 3-12 years

Systematic review of the correlates of outdoor play and time among children aged 3-12 years

Parental Correlates of Outdoor Play in Boys and Girls Aged 0 to 12—A Systematic Review

The longitudinal association between temperament and physical activity in young children

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