The impact of climate change on incomes and convergence in Africa

Baarsch, Florent; Granadillos, Jessie R.; Hare, William; Knaus, Maria; Krapp, Mario; Schaeffer, Michiel; Lotze‐Campen, Hermann

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104699

Cited by 114 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…We posit that the same factors that contribute to improved ecosystem vitality-more rational use of resources with improved preventive health practiceslead to improved oral health care for children. Islam and Winkel (23) posit that improved ecosystems are associated with growth of assets and income, improved economic development, and improved general health of individuals (29). Climate change may also result in an altered effective dose of fluoride in water (30), with implications for cariogenic effects (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Environmental Health, Ecosystem Vitality, and Early Childhood Caries

et al. 2020

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Background: Environmental issues lead to serious health problems in young growing children. This study aims to determine the association between a country's level of environmental health, ecosystem vitality, and prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC). Methods: This was an ecological study. The data for the explanatory variables-country-level environmental performance index (EPI), environmental health, and ecosystem vitality-were obtained from the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy. The outcome variables were country-level prevalence of ECC in 0-to 2-year-old and 3-to 5-year-old children. The country EPI, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality were matched with country ECC prevalence for 0-to 2-year-olds and 3-to 5-year-olds for the period of 2007 to 2017. Differences in the variables by country income level were determined using ANOVA. Multivariate ANOVA was used to determine the association between ECC prevalence in 0-to 2-year-olds and 3-to 5-year-olds, and EPI, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality, adjusting for each country's per-capita gross national income.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Environmental Health, Ecosystem Vitality, and Early Childhood Caries

et al. 2020

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“…Concretely, environmental health indicators such as air quality and water quality are closely related to income inequality, while ecosystem vitality indicators such as CO 2 emissions are not related to income inequality. Under a high warming scenario, income inequality among African countries will increase (Baarsch et al., 2020). It is widely accepted that global warming comes mainly from carbon emissions; therefore, Baarsch et al.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is widely accepted that global warming comes mainly from carbon emissions; therefore, Baarsch et al. (2020) actually suggested the positive effects of carbon emissions on income inequality. In contrast, Lomborg (2020) argued that climate change decreases income inequality.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transport infrastructure is another important factor affecting income inequality, which effectively promotes regional economic growth and affects regional income distribution through the flow of goods, labor, and various resources (Banerjee et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2017). In the context of climate change, carbon emission and its control have presented various development opportunities to different countries and regions; thus it is projected to significantly affect income inequality (Baarsch et al., 2020; Morse, 2018) as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between China's income inequality and transport infrastructure, economic growth, and carbon emissions

Zhang

Zhang²

2021

Growth and Change

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, accompanied by the tremendous achievements of China's economic growth is an increasingly severe income gap between the rich and the poor. Based on panel data from 2000 to 2018, this study systematically examined the relationship among transport infrastructure, economic growth, carbon emissions, and income inequality in China, using the panel vector autoregressive model estimated by the generalized method of moments. We further divided China into three regions to investigate the regional heterogeneity of these relationships. The results show a long‐run equilibrium relationship between transport infrastructure, economic growth, carbon emissions, and income inequality. Income inequality in the previous year significantly affects that in the current year positively. Whether at the national or regional level, economic growth affects income inequality negatively. For the national sample, the highway reduces income inequality, while the railway increases income inequality. For both the subsamples and the national sample, carbon emissions significantly increase income inequality and are the Granger test cause for income inequality. Furthermore, we discuss some of the possible mechanisms of these results. Our findings generate policy implications for reducing income inequality in regard to economic growth, transport infrastructure, and carbon emissions.

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“…Meanwhile, the lag in the CO 2 emissions index follows a similar trajectory as GDP per capita. This is an unsatisfactory result in context of the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to prevent catastrophic climate change, which threatens global convergence in well-being as well (Baarsch et al 2020 ). On the other hand, the time lag is lower in general, hence the adoption of modern fuels and industry was quicker in developing countries at the beginning, so a quicker decarbonization might be possible too.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence Between Developed and Developing Countries: A Centennial Perspective

Paprotny

2020

Soc Indic Res

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Are countries at a low level of socioeconomic development catching up with developed countries over time or rather falling further behind? Existing work on the subject is not conclusive, partially due to methodological differences. The aim of the paper is to carry out a broader analysis with longer time series and a more diverse set of indicators. The study divides countries of the world into 21 developed "benchmark" countries and 156 developing countries. The distance between the benchmark and developing countries is measured using the "time lags" method, applied here to nine indicators covering topics such as the economy, health, education and the environment. The study further utilizes a probabilistic approach to extrapolate missing historical data for developing countries, so that the analysis can cover a full century starting in 1920 and ending with short-term projections to year 2020. The study finds that a majority of developing countries, and the population-weighted developing world as a whole, has reduced its lag in most indicators between 1920 and 2020. Progress was unevenly distributed, with East Asian and European countries converging the most with the benchmark, while most African countries have diverged along with some American ones. Catch-up in education attainment and life expectancy has been more successful than in infant survival rate, GDP per capita or technology adoption. The findings are put in context of United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, showing how the time lag method could improve setting targets for some of the goals. Further, time lags are used to analyze the current demographic, economic and political situation of developing countries, identifying opportunities and risks for future catch-up with developed countries.

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The impact of climate change on incomes and convergence in Africa

Cited by 114 publications

References 75 publications

Association Between Environmental Health, Ecosystem Vitality, and Early Childhood Caries

Association Between Environmental Health, Ecosystem Vitality, and Early Childhood Caries

The relationship between China's income inequality and transport infrastructure, economic growth, and carbon emissions

Convergence Between Developed and Developing Countries: A Centennial Perspective

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