Association Between Environmental Health, Ecosystem Vitality, and Early Childhood Caries

Foláyan, Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn; Tantawi, Maha El; Schroth, Robert J; Kemoli, Arthur; Gaffar, Balgis; Amalia, Rosa; Feldens, Carlos Alberto; Eccag,

doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00196

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Programs/actions increasing GDP (PPS) per capita are expected to effectively contribute to the reduction in the disease burden at national level, especially in Eastern countries of Europe. This contradicts the results of a recent association study, where better ecosystem vitality was associated with lower ECC risk, through the rational use of resources, healthy lifestyles, and preventive health practices [ 41 ]. However, lower incidence in Western countries is unsurprising, as the stronger the economic force, the more funds allocated to healthcare, which may facilitate the provision of preventive services [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

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The Burden of Early Childhood Caries in Children under 5 Years Old in the European Union and Associated Risk Factors: An Ecological Study

et al. 2021

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The associations among early childhood caries (ECC), socioeconomic status, and sugar consumption are of the utmost importance, due to their potential policy implications. The purpose of this study was to identify trends in ECC burden in children under 5 years old among European Union (EU) member states over time and to evaluate the relationship with its risk factors. Global Burden of Disease 2019 data were analyzed to estimate the burden of ECC over time, specifically incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for children under 5 years old. Four ecological variables with a potential effect on YLDs for ECC were used to investigate the association between 2014 and 2017. The YLDs rate was consistently higher among Eastern EU countries over time. Univariate models showed a positive significant association between at-risk-of-poverty rate and YLDs rate, while GDP per capita and urbanization were inversely associated with YLDs rate. In the multivariate analysis, sugar consumption, GDP per capita and urbanization showed significant association with YLDs rate. After stratification by region, association remained significant only in the Eastern EU countries between GDP, urbanization, and YLDs rate, while sugar consumption and at-risk-of-poverty rate had no significant impact on YLDs rates. This study found increasing ECC burden in the EU. The complexity of the problem indicates the need for innovative and personalized policy approaches to tackle the disease.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…Thus, our results indicate that GDP per capita is a more useful indicator than risk of poverty rate in determining the oral health in population. Nevertheless, GDP and urbanization have to be taken into consideration as possible factors that affect population health [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Burden of Early Childhood Caries in Children under 5 Years Old in the European Union and Associated Risk Factors: An Ecological Study

et al. 2021

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“…Emission levels of the gas are higher in developed countries than in developing countries [28]. Poor regulation of nitrous oxide in industrialized urban environments may be a factor accounting for an association between nitrous oxide emission levels and ECC [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such study investigated the association between ecosystem vitality, environmental health, and early childhood caries (ECC), which is any caries experience of the primary teeth in children < 72 months of age [2,3]. The study identified an inverse and significant association between ECC in 3-5-year-olds and ecosystem vitality, and a direct but non-significant association between ECC prevalence and environmental health [3]. However, the study determined these associations by using composite ecosystem vitality and environmental health scores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ecological study of the association between environmental indicators and early childhood caries

et al. 2020

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Objectives A prior study described the association between ecosystem vitality, environmental health, and early childhood caries (ECC). The objective of this study was to determine the association between 24 global environmental indicators and ECC in 3–5-year-old children. Results In 61 countries, 55.5% of 3–5-year-old children had ECC. Eight factors had a small effect-size association with ECC: percentage of area that is marine-protected (partial eta squared; ƞ2 = 0.03); species habitat index (ƞ2 = 0.06); percentage of tree-cover loss (ƞ2 = 0.03); regional marine trophic index (ƞ2 = 0.03); total carbon dioxide emission intensity (ƞ2 = 0.03); methane emission intensity (ƞ2 = 0.04); nitrous oxide emission intensity (ƞ2 = 0.06); and sulfur dioxide emission intensity (ƞ2 = 0.03). Regression analysis revealed that two of these factors were significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC: methane emission intensity was inversely associated with ECC prevalence (B = − 0.34, 95% CI = − 0.66, − 0.03; p = 0.03), and nitrous oxide had a direct association with ECC prevalence (B = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.67; p = 0.03).

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“…Family-level factors, such as socio-economic aspects, are associated with ECC [8]. Community-level factors such as environment, poverty, maternal well-being, dental care access and universal dental coverage are also related to ECC prevalence [9]. Research has also demonstrated that ECC is associated with other common childhood diseases, and shares similar risk factors with other non-communicable diseases [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Health Policies to Tackle the Burden of Early Childhood Caries: A Review of 14 Countries/Regions

Chen

Duangthip

Gao

et al. 2021

Front. Oral. Health

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Aim: Early childhood caries (ECC) has significant public health implications but has received inadequate global attention. There is limited information regarding the success of oral health policies implemented to address the challenges of ECC. This review aimed to summarize such policies to tackle ECC from different countries/regions.Method: Independent collaborators from 14 countries/regions (Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Japan, Nigeria, Thailand, UK, USA, and Venezuela) collected the data. The ECC status, dental workforce, oral health policies on ECC prevention in different countries/regions were summarized by each country.Results: The findings indicated that ECC prevalence varied in different countries/regions. The lowest prevalence of ECC among 5-year-old children was found in Nigeria (7%), and the highest was found in Indonesia (90%). The existing dental workforce and resources are limited in most countries. The smallest dentist to population ratio was reported by Nigeria at 1:48,400, whereas the highest ratio was in Brazil (1:600). Out of 14, three (21%) countries namely India, Venezuela and Cambodia had no national oral health policies addressing ECC and four (29%) countries (Cambodia, China, India, Venezuela) had no publicly funded dental care program for 0–5-year-old children. Water fluoridation is available in four countries/regions (Australia, Brazil, Hong Kong, USA).Conclusion: ECC remains a global health challenge and dental workforce is limited. National/regional programs to tackle ECC are not yet prioritized in many countries/regions. Evidence to support demonstration projects is limited. Further research on the cost-effectiveness of interventions strategies is required for policymakers.

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Association Between Environmental Health, Ecosystem Vitality, and Early Childhood Caries

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

The Burden of Early Childhood Caries in Children under 5 Years Old in the European Union and Associated Risk Factors: An Ecological Study

The Burden of Early Childhood Caries in Children under 5 Years Old in the European Union and Associated Risk Factors: An Ecological Study

An ecological study of the association between environmental indicators and early childhood caries

Oral Health Policies to Tackle the Burden of Early Childhood Caries: A Review of 14 Countries/Regions

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