“…The overall economic situation and internal regulations thus have a considerable influence on the amount and form of business travel ( Davidson & Cope, 2003 ; Gustafson, 2012a ). For many travelers, business travel is associated with stress ( Defrank et al, 2000 ; Gustafson, 2014 ; Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Defrank, 2003 ) as well as various health risks ( Cohen & Gössling, 2015 ; Cohen & Kantenbacher, 2020 ; Ye & Xu, 2020 , 2021 ) and family-related challenges caused by the traveler's absence ( Defrank et al, 2000 ; Ladkin, Willis, Jain, Clayton, & Marouda, 2016 ; Willis, Ladkin, Jain, & Clayton, 2017 ), resulting in considerable individual costs.…”