The Impact of Automation Assisted Aircraft Separation on Situation Awareness

Dao, Arik-Quang V.; Brandt, Summer L.; Battiste, Vernol; Vu, Kim‐Phuong L.; Strybel, Thomas Z.; Johnson, Walter W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02559-4_80

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Alternatively, high levels of workload forces the operator to focus their attention on the primary task, reducing the cognitive resources available for proactive acquisition of situation awareness relevant information in the environment (Parasuraman & Wickens, 2008). Automated tools that aid the human operator would support a performance benefit because workload could be reduced without causing the operator to lose situation awareness (Dao et al, 2009). However, operators must trust automation to be willing to use an automated system.…”

Section: Impact Of Wor Kloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of conflict avoidance responsibility allocation on pilot workload in a distributed air traffic management system

Ligda¹,

Dao²,

Vu³

et al. 2010

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Pilot workload was examined during simulated flights requiring flight deck-based merging and spacing while avoiding weather. Pilots used flight deck tools to avoid convective weather and space behind a lead aircraft during an arrival into Louisville International airport. Three conflict avoidance management concepts were studied: pilot, controller or automation primarily responsible. A modified Air Traffic Workload Input Technique (ATWIT) metric showed highest workload during the approach phase of flight and lowest during the en-route phase of flight (before deviating for weather). In general, the modified ATWIT was shown to be a valid and reliable workload measure, providing more detailed information than post-run subjective workload metrics. The trend across multiple workload metrics revealed lowest workload when pilots had both conflict alerting and responsibility of the three concepts, while all objective and subjective measures showed highest workload when pilots had no conflict alerting or responsibility. This suggests that pilot workload was not tied primarily to responsibility for resolving conflicts, but to gaining and/or maintaining situation awareness when conflict alerting is unavailable.

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Section: Impact Of Wor Kloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of conflict avoidance responsibility allocation on pilot workload in a distributed air traffic management system

Ligda¹,

Dao²,

Vu³

et al. 2010

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…When workload is high, cognitive tunneling can occur where the operator is forced to selectively attend to the primary task, reducing the cognitive resources needed to monitor or process other task relevant components (Parasuraman & Wickens, 2008). However, a performance benefit can be gained from reduced workload without trading off SA, if the human operator is kept "in the loop" by interacting with automation to complete tasks (Dao et al, 2009). Dao et al (2009) examined the impact of varying levels of automation on individual pilot SA.…”

Section: Automation Affects Situation Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a performance benefit can be gained from reduced workload without trading off SA, if the human operator is kept "in the loop" by interacting with automation to complete tasks (Dao et al, 2009). Dao et al (2009) examined the impact of varying levels of automation on individual pilot SA. Pilots were asked to perform a traffic conflict avoidance task with and without the support of automation.…”

Section: Automation Affects Situation Awarenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict Resolution Automation and Pilot Situation Awareness

Dao

Brandt

Bacon

et al. 2011

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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This study compared pilot situation awareness across three traffic management concepts. The Concepts varied in terms of the allocation of traffic avoidance responsibility between the pilot on the flight deck, the air traffic controllers, and a conflict resolution automation system. In Concept 1, the flight deck was equipped with conflict resolution tools that enable them to fully handle the responsibility of weather avoidance and maintaining separation between ownship and surrounding traffic. In Concept 2, pilots were not responsible for traffic separation, but were provided tools for weather and traffic avoidance. In Concept 3, flight deck tools allowed pilots to deviate for weather, but conflict detection tools were disabled. In this concept pilots were dependent on ground based automation for conflict detection and resolution. Situation awareness of the pilots was measured using online probes. Results showed that individual situation awareness was highest in Concept 1, where the pilots were most engaged, and lowest in Concept 3, where automation was heavily used. These findings suggest that for conflict resolution tasks, situation awareness is improved when pilots remain in the decision-making loop.

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“…Several studies argue that this requires transparent and understandable functioning of automation [6]- [9]. The interface should provide a window to the reasoning and functioning of the automation, to ensure proper situation awareness (SA), and to keep pilots "in-the-loop" [10]- [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evaluation of a co-planar airborne separation display

Ellerbroek

Brantegem

Paassen

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)

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Abstract-Two experiments, an active conflict resolution task and a passive situation awareness assessment, were conducted that compared two versions of a constraint-based co-planar airborne separation assistance display. A baseline display showed a maneuver space based on 2-D projections of traffic and performance constraints. A second augmented display also incorporated cutting-planes that take the dimension orthogonal to the projection into account, thereby providing a more precise visualization of traffic constraints. Results showed that although pilots performed well with either display, the augmented display scored consistently better in terms of performance, efficiency of conflict resolutions, the amount of errors in initial resolutions, and the level of situation awareness compared to the baseline display. On the other hand, more losses of separation were found with the augmented display, as pilots tried to maximize maneuvering efficiency according to the precision with which constraints were visualized.

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The Impact of Automation Assisted Aircraft Separation on Situation Awareness

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Impact of conflict avoidance responsibility allocation on pilot workload in a distributed air traffic management system

Impact of conflict avoidance responsibility allocation on pilot workload in a distributed air traffic management system

Conflict Resolution Automation and Pilot Situation Awareness

Experimental evaluation of a co-planar airborne separation display

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