The impact of alcohol and illicit drugs on people with psychosis: The second Australian national survey of psychosis

Moore, Elizabeth A.; Mancuso, Serafino G.; Slade, Tim; Galletly, Cherrie; Castle, David

doi:10.1177/0004867412443900

Cited by 61 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…11 Abuse of stimulants and other illicit drugs was also high, with over 70% of participants reporting lifetime use of these drugs. 31 Both acute use (such as mild intoxication whilst undertaking testing) and chronic abuse of alcohol and cannabis are associated with cognitive impairment, and again these factors may aggravate poor cognitive function in people with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Potential Confounds In Measuring Cognitive Deficits In Schizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia

Galletly¹

2014

NAN

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Schizophrenia is a severe and usually chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by dysfunction in many domains. Hallucinations, delusions, and behavioral disturbances are prominent symptoms of the illness, and are appropriately a focus for treatment, but less attention is given to the cognitive deficits that are also typically found in schizophrenia. Whilst impairments in learning, memory, and executive function have been recognized for many decades, deficits in more subtle aspects of cognition have been recognized more recently. These include biases in the evaluation of information and difficulties with emotional and social cognition. Cognitive deficits make a substantial contribution to real-world function, and improving cognition has the potential to improve social and vocational outcomes. This review provides an overview of potential treatments for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, including medications, psychological therapies, and neurostimulation. Despite optimal medication and case management, many people with schizophrenia do not achieve full remission. There is sufficient evidence to encourage widespread adoption of at least some of the current cognitive enhancement strategies. However, individual patients differ in terms of their symptoms, patterns of cognitive dysfunction, medication response, and social and occupational situations. Considerable work is therefore needed to personalize cognitive remediation to maximize the benefits. However, at present, these methods are underutilized, even when applied in a universal manner where all subjects receive the same treatment. The barriers to wider availability of these treatments are discussed.

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Section: Potential Confounds In Measuring Cognitive Deficits In Schizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia

Galletly¹

2014

NAN

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“…The number of people who present to acute mental health services with co-occurring mental illness and drug and/or alcohol problems is increasing with an upward trend in rates of substance abuse/dependence noted between 1997-1998 (Kavanagh et al, 2004) and 2010 (Moore, Mancuso, Slade, Galletly, & Castle, 2012). Rates between 25 to 60% have been reported in other Australian studies (Hoolahan, Kelly, Stain, & Killen, 2006; Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007) and in the United Kingdom (20-37%) and the United States of America (38-50%) (Carra & Johnson, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) in an Acute Mental Health Setting

Heslop

Ross

Osmond

et al. 2013

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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Up to sixty percent of people admitted to acute mental health services in Australia present with a clinically significant co-occurring drug and/or alcohol problem. These individuals experience poorer health outcomes when compared to the general population and to those people who have a mental illness but have no co-morbid alcohol and drug problems.Anecdotal evidence also suggests that many nurses working in the area do not have the knowledge and skills and confidence to work effectively with this patient population.Drug and alcohol assessment tools, considered the gold standard, generally assess only one substance at a time or provide little specific information on the particular substance of use or abuse. An amended version of the World Health Organisation, (WHO) AlcoholSmoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test Version 3 (ASSIST V3.0) and associated brief interventions was implemented following an in-vivo education program at an acute mental health inpatient unit in Western Australia. This before and after intervention" study utilised a self-rating questionnaire and a knowledge quiz to assess nurses" knowledge of drug and alcohol issues as well as their level of confidence to work with people who have a mental illness and co-occurring drug and alcohol problems. Translation of acquired knowledge into patient care was also evaluated through a review of patient medical records.Significant improvement in nurses" knowledge was reported along with increased clinical confidence and skills to identify, assess, and manage this group of patients and to provide them with information and referral to appropriate agencies in the community.

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“…We found that 51% of participants had a substance use disorder, including 29% with a cannabis disorder and 13.9% with a stimulant use disorder. By comparison, the Australian Survey of High Impact Psychosis (Moore et al, 2012b) found that 35% of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders reported cannabis use at least monthly in the previous 12 months, and 13.8% reported stimulant use at least monthly. A more significant limitation in our study may be that the quality of diagnostic information in this study is systematically poorer in community data, where diagnoses are recorded by clinicians rather than extracted by coders.…”

Section: Advantages and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It occurs in up to half of people with first episode psychosis (Wisdom et al, 2011;Green et al, 2005;Addington and Addington, 2007;Wade et al, 2005;Grech et al, 2005;Archie et al, 2007) and schizophrenia (Regier et al, 1990;Kavanagh et al, 2004;Moore et al, 2012b). People with psychosis use cannabis at least ten times more frequently than the general population of the same age (Green et al, 2005;Koskinen et al, 2010;Degenhardt and Hall, 2012b).…”

Section: Substance Comorbidity In Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have reported the rate of stimulant disorders in people with established diagnoses of schizophrenia. The Australian Survey of High Impact Psychosis (SHIP) found that 73% of people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective psychoses reported lifetime stimulant use, and 40% reported past year use (Moore et al, 2012b). The SHIP study, however, did not report rates of stimulant abuse or dependence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stimulant use disorders and psychosis: prevalence, correlates and impacts

Sara¹

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The impact of alcohol and illicit drugs on people with psychosis: The second Australian national survey of psychosis

Cited by 61 publications

References 28 publications

Role of cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia

Role of cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia

The Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) in an Acute Mental Health Setting

Stimulant use disorders and psychosis: prevalence, correlates and impacts

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