The immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate (HbOC) vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected infants

Safety and Immunogenicity of Three Doses of a Five-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Children Younger Than Two Years With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

“…Lower serologic responses by infants with advanced HIV disease have been previously observed for H Influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. 16 In the present study, three doses of PCV overcame this poor response in children with advanced HIV disease.…”

“…In a previous study, the differences in postvaccination GMTs between HIV-and non-HIVinfected recipients after three doses of conjugate H influenzae type b vaccine were more striking. 16 However, in the previously mentioned study, the postthird vaccination sera were obtained a mean of 3 months after vaccination as opposed to 1 month for the present study. There is some evidence that antibody levels diminish more rapidly in HIV-infected children.…”

Abnormal CD40 Ligand (CD154) Expression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children

“…Although HIV-infected children are hypergammaglobulinemic, they have impaired T-cell-dependent B-cell responses (3,35), as witnessed by their abnormal humoral responses to vaccine antigens (20,33). We hypothesize that aberrant CD154 expression on T cells of children infected with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) may contribute to their immune deficiency.…”

British HIV Association Guidelines on the Use of Vaccines in HIV‐Positive Adults 2015

“…The vaccine has been shown to induce protective antibodies in HIV‐positive children and adults . The magnitude and longevity of responses are related to the CD4 cell count and can be reduced relative to HIV‐negative individuals.…”