The immune response of cattle, persistently infected with noncytopathic BVDV, after superinfection with antigenically semi-homologous cytopathic BVDV

Bruschke, Christianne; Haghparast, Alireza; Hoek, A.; Rutten, Victor P.M.G.; Wentink, G. H.; Rijn, Piet A. van; Oirschot, J.T. van

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00165-7

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Viremia was detected between 3 and 9 dpi and peaked at 6 dpi in parallel with hyperthermia and the highest intensity of clinical signs, highlighting the pathogenic action of the virus. Most authors report that, as observed here, experimental infection of calves with ncp BVDV‐1 gives rise to transient viremia, which resolves about 12 days after infection (Nuttall et al., ; Castrucci et al., ; Howard et al., ; Bruschke et al., ; Archambault et al., ; Charleston et al., ; Brackenbury et al., ; Kelling et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Cell-Mediated Immune Response During Experimental Acute Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus: Evaluation of Blood Parameters

Molina

Risalde

Sánchez-Cordón

et al. 2012

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Acute infections with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), a major pathogen of cattle, are often asymptomatic or produce only mild clinical symptoms. However, they may play an important role in the bovine respiratory disease complex by exerting a marked immunosuppressive effect, as a result of the death of the immunocompetent cell populations involved in controlling innate and adaptive immune responses, together with a marked reduction of both cytokine expression and co-stimulatory molecule synthesis. Although experimental research and field studies have shown that acute BVDV infection enhances susceptibility to secondary infection, the precise mechanism involved in BVDV-induced immunosuppression remains unclear. The present study is aimed at measuring a range of blood parameters in a single group of fourteen calves infected with non-cytopathic BVDV-1. Focus has been put on those related to the cell-mediated immune response just as leucocyte populations and lymphocyte subpopulations, serum concentrations of cytokines (IL-1b, TNF-a, IFN-c, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-10) and acute phase proteins [haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen and albumin], as well as BVDV-specific antibodies and viremia. After non-cytopathic BVDV-1 infection, clinical signs intensity was never more than moderate coinciding with the presence of viremia and leucocyte and lymphocyte depletion. An early increase in TNF-a, IFN-c and IL-12 levels in contrast to IL-1b was observed in line with a raise in haptoglobin and SAA levels on the latest days of the study. As regards IL-4 levels, no evidence was found of any changes. However, a slight increase in IL-10 was observed, matching up the TNF-a decline during the acute phase response. These findings would help to increase our knowledge of the immune mechanisms involved in acute infection with non-cytopathic BVDV-1 strains, suggesting the existence of a clear tendency towards a type 1 immune response, thereby enhancing resistance against viral infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Cell-Mediated Immune Response During Experimental Acute Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus: Evaluation of Blood Parameters

Molina

Risalde

Sánchez-Cordón

et al. 2012

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…This model is supported by the invariable recovery of antigenically homologous ncp/cp virus pairs from animals that have died from mucosal disease (MD) (Greiser-Wilke et al, 1993;McClurkin et al, 1985;Moennig et al, 1990;Wilhelmsen et al, 1991). However, antigenic analyses of viruses isolated from field cases of MD and experimental infections using uncloned viruses indicate that MD can also be induced by heterologous viruses (Bolin et al, 1985b;Bruschke et al, 1998;Fray et al, 1998;Fritzemeier et al, 1997;Ridpath and Bolin, 1995;Shimizu et al, 1989). In this situation, MD has a delayed onset and the ani- (Table 2) at selected amino acid differences between Pe515ncp (open symbols) and NADL (closed symbols) were used to stimulate PBMC from non-PI calves challenged with either Pe515ncp (5334, 51/96) or NADL (582, 591), and three Pe515-PI calves challenged with NADL (5172, 32/96, 33/96) at 49 and 70 d.p.i.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of recombination events that have been characterized are reviewed in Meyers and Thiel (1996). However, MD can also occur following heterologous or semihomologous challenge (Bolin et al, 1985a,b;Bruschke et al, 1998;Fray et al, 1998;Fritzemeier et al, 1997;Ridpath and Bolin, 1995;Shimizu et al, 1989). In this situation, the disease has a delayed onset and the animals produce neutralizing antibodies against the challenge virus prior to the onset of MD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Amino Acid Differences Are Sufficient for CD4+ T-Cell Recognition of a Heterologous Virus by Cattle Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Collen

Douglas²,

Paton³

et al. 2000

Virology

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Cattle that are persistently infected (PI) with one strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can resolve infection with a second, antigenically heterologous strain but not the homologous strain. Since CD4(+) T cells are thought to be critical for the resolution of acute BVDV infection (Howard et al., 1992, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 32, 303-314), we have examined the recognition of a heterologous virus (NADL) by CD4(+) T cells from Pe515-PI animals. The immune response of non-PI control cattle challenged with NADL or Pe515ncp was strain cross-reactive, whereas Pe515-PI animals responded to NADL only. The immune repertoire of both groups included NS3, which differs by approximately 1% (9/683) amino acids between these two viruses. Lymphoproliferative responses to proteins and synthetic peptides corresponding to three nonconservative differences in NS3 demonstrated that CD4(+) T cells from non-PI control animals responded well to proteins but poorly to the peptides from both viruses. In contrast, PI animals were responsive to heterologous proteins and peptides but nonresponsive to the homologous equivalents. A single amino acid difference between the two sequences was sufficient to allow responsiveness.

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“…Blood, serum, faces and skin biopsies of infected animals can be used for detection of BVD virus and viral genome (Sandvik et al, 1997a;Bruschke et al, 1998;Ellis et al, 1998). From persistently infected animals, BVDV antigen can be detected throughout their life.…”

Section: Detection Of Bvdvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Approaches for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Persistent Infection

Ahmad¹

2014

J. Inf. Mol. Biol.

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Bovine viral diarrhea is one of the most important diseases of cattle which is causing continuous economic losses to the cattle industry primarily due to decreased reproductive performance. Without doubt, direct contact between BVDV persistently infected, and susceptible animals is the most important transmission route of virus. All control programs which are in use in many countries of the world, mainly depend upon the detection of PI animals, eliminating them and preventing their return into the herds. Various diagnostic tests using ear notch biopsies and serum samples are in use with certain advantages and disadvantages. In detecting the BVDV persistent infection, a complete agreement (P value = 1) was observed between Real time RT-PCR, AC-ELISA, VI and IHC. All four assays were found specific but real time RT-PCR was found to be more sensitive. Both, VI and IHC were found labour intensive, as diagnosis may take more than one week to be made. Further peroxidase based IHC interpretation was found to be difficult somewhat due to subjective reasoning. It is generally recognized, that real time RT-PCR is more sensitive for BVDV detection than the other methods employed in the study period. However, use of real time RT-PCR for screening of individual animal cases is cost prohibited. AC-ELISA while relatively less sensitive was shown to has sufficient sensitivity for cost effective identification of PI. The results appear to warrant the use of AC-ELISA on ear notch biopsies for routine diagnosis of PI animals followed by real time RT-PCR on suspicious samples.All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers

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The immune response of cattle, persistently infected with noncytopathic BVDV, after superinfection with antigenically semi-homologous cytopathic BVDV

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Cell-Mediated Immune Response During Experimental Acute Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus: Evaluation of Blood Parameters

Cell-Mediated Immune Response During Experimental Acute Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus: Evaluation of Blood Parameters

Single Amino Acid Differences Are Sufficient for CD4+ T-Cell Recognition of a Heterologous Virus by Cattle Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Diagnostic Approaches for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Persistent Infection

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