Single Amino Acid Differences Are Sufficient for CD4+ T-Cell Recognition of a Heterologous Virus by Cattle Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Collen, T.; Douglas, Arthur V.; Paton, David; Zhang, Gang; Morrison, W. Ivan

doi:10.1006/viro.2000.0523

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It has already reported that PI calves may develop an immune response against the homologous virus that results from changes in BVDV quasispecies sequences that arise as the PI animals mature. Few amino acid changes in the E2 protein, the major antigenic determinant of pestiviruses, were able to induce VN antibodies in PI animals (Collins et al, 1999;Collen et al, 2000). Although no sequence analysis was conducted in the present study, a similar mechanism could also explain the presence of VN antibodies in a PI lamb, considering that the animal was tested before colostrum assumption and remained highly seropositive at an age when the maternal immunity should have declined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

HoBi-like pestivirus experimental infection in pregnant ewes: Reproductive disorders and generation of persistently infected lambs

Decaro

Losurdo

Larocca

et al. 2015

Veterinary Microbiology

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In order to evaluate sheep as experimental model to test the efficacy of HoBi-like pestivirus vaccines for cattle, 10 sheep at different stages of pregnancy (30 or 50 days) were experimentally infected with the Italian prototype isolate Italy-1/10-1. Irrespective of the stage of pregnancy, virus inoculation resulted in reproductive failures, consisting of abortion, stillbirths or birth of weak or persistently infected (PI) lambs. Aborted fetuses, stillborn and dead lambs displayed extensive histopathological changes, consisting of hemorrhages, congestion and mononuclear infiltration in major organs. Pestiviral antigens were detected by immunohistochemistry in most tissues with remarkable signals in lungs and kidneys. PI lambs were constantly viremic, shed the virus through the nasal secretions and feces and, in all cases but one, did not have detectable HoBi-like pestivirus antibodies before the assumption of colostrum. The single seropositive infected lamb showed low-titer viremia and viral shedding that ceased only several weeks after the 3-month observation period. The study proves that sheep are susceptible to the reproduction failures caused by HoBi-like pestivirus infection and can serve as a suitable model for the evaluation of the fetal protection induced by homologous experimental vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

HoBi-like pestivirus experimental infection in pregnant ewes: Reproductive disorders and generation of persistently infected lambs

Decaro

Losurdo

Larocca

et al. 2015

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…We have also used this information in combination with qPCR testing on pooled and individual samples and serological testing to assist in the classification of PI animals. Immune responses resulting from PI animal exposure to a immunologically heterologous strain of BVDV-1 have been reported (Collen et al, 2000). However, because identified Australian strains of BVDV-1 appear to be antigenically similar to each other (Mahony et al, 2005), it is unlikely that PI animals would be seropositive to a different strain, but this assumption may not be generalisable to other populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exposure to Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 on risk of bovine respiratory disease in Australian feedlot cattle

Hay

Ambrose²,

Morton

et al. 2016

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Viruses play a key role in the complex aetiology of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1) is widespread in Australia and has been shown to contribute to BRD occurrence. As part of a prospective longitudinal study on BRD, effects of exposure to BVDV-1 on risk of BRD in Australian feedlot cattle were investigated. A total of 35,160 animals were enrolled at induction (when animals were identified and characteristics recorded), held in feedlot pens with other cattle (cohorts) and monitored for occurrence of BRD over the first 50days following induction. Biological samples collected from all animals were tested to determine which animals were persistently infected (PI) with BVDV-1. Data obtained from the Australian National Livestock Identification System database were used to determine which groups of animals that were together at the farm of origin and at 28days prior to induction (and were enrolled in the study) contained a PI animal and hence to identify animals that had probably been exposed to a PI animal prior to induction. Multi-level Bayesian logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the effects of exposure to BVDV-1 on the risk of occurrence of BRD. Although only a total of 85 study animals (0.24%) were identified as being PI with BVDV-1, BVDV-1 was detected on quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 59% of cohorts. The PI animals were at moderately increased risk of BRD (OR 1.9; 95% credible interval 1.0-3.2). Exposure to BVDV-1 in the cohort was also associated with a moderately increased risk of BRD (OR 1.7; 95% credible interval 1.1-2.5) regardless of whether or not a PI animal was identified within the cohort. Additional analyses indicated that a single quantitative real-time PCR test is useful for distinguishing PI animals from transiently infected animals. The results of the study suggest that removal of PI animals and/or vaccination, both before feedlot entry, would reduce the impact of BVDV-1 on BRD risk in cattle in Australian feedlots. Economic assessment of these strategies under Australian conditions is required.

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“…The immunological response of the dam to changes in the viral genome originating from the PI fetus and the specificity of this response is currently unknown. In PI cattle, the immunological tolerance to the persistent virus is highly specific, and CD4+ T-cells from PI cattle challenged with a heterologous virus can recognize single amino acid differences between the challenge and persistent virus [66]. In pregnant heifers carrying a PI fetus, the expression of IFN-stimulated gene 15kd following BVDV infection was considerably lower than in heifers pregnant with a transiently infected fetus [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of pregnant goats with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1 or 2

Passler

Riddell

Edmondson

et al. 2014

Vet Res

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Infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) of the genus pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, are not limited to cattle but occur in various artiodactyls. Persistently infected (PI) cattle are the main source of BVDV. Persistent infections also occur in heterologous hosts such as sheep and deer. BVDV infections of goats commonly result in reproductive disease, but viable PI goats are rare. Using 2 BVDV isolates, previously demonstrated to cause PI cattle and white-tailed deer, this study evaluated the outcome of experimental infection of pregnant goats. Pregnant goats (5 goats/group) were intranasally inoculated with BVDV 1b AU526 (group 1) or BVDV 2 PA131 (group 2) at approximately 25–35 days of gestation. The outcome of infection varied considerably between groups. In group 1, only 3 does became viremic, and 1 doe gave birth to a stillborn fetus and a viable PI kid, which appeared healthy and shed BVDV continuously. In group 2, all does became viremic, 4/5 does aborted, and 1 doe gave birth to a non-viable PI kid. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated BVDV antigen in tissues of evaluated fetuses, with similar distribution but reduced intensity as compared to cattle. The genetic sequence of inoculated viruses was compared to those from PI kids and their dam. Most nucleotide changes in group 1 were present during the dam’s acute infection. In group 2, a similar number of mutations resulted from fetal infection as from maternal acute infection. Results demonstrated that BVDV may cause reproductive disease but may also be maintained in goats.

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Single Amino Acid Differences Are Sufficient for CD4+ T-Cell Recognition of a Heterologous Virus by Cattle Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

HoBi-like pestivirus experimental infection in pregnant ewes: Reproductive disorders and generation of persistently infected lambs

HoBi-like pestivirus experimental infection in pregnant ewes: Reproductive disorders and generation of persistently infected lambs

Effects of exposure to Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 on risk of bovine respiratory disease in Australian feedlot cattle

Experimental infection of pregnant goats with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1 or 2

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