The IFS Green Budget: January 2008

Chote, Robert; Emmerson, Carl; Miles, David; Shaw, Jonathan E.

doi:10.1920/co.ifs.2008.0104

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The results of the research conducted regarding the relationship of GHG emissions with levels of aviation development and state policy instruments, including green taxes, are consistent with the assumptions presented by [3,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12]. In terms of the relationship between aviation and the level of economic development, measured by GDP per capita, the results obtained are consistent with the thesis of [14,15].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Therefore, another tool to reduce emissions is to discourage people from travelling by imposing taxes on airline tickets. The issue of aviation taxes is also addressed in Chapter 9 of the 2008 IFS Green Budget [12]. Similar to the above-mentioned studies, the authors point to the large contribution of aviation to overall gas emissions and environmental pollution, with taxes being one of the methods of prevention.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Analysis of the Relationship of the Degree of Aviation Sector Development with Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Measures of Economic Development in the European Union Countries

et al. 2021

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The rapid growth of aviation over the past fifty years has resulted in numerous negative environmental impacts due to the combustion of fossil fuels in aircraft engines. This paper presents the relationship between air transport and GHG emissions. Based on data on the development of aviation, the level of GHG emissions from transport, environmental tax revenues and the amount of GDP per capita in the countries of the European Union, an attempt was made to create a typification that would illustrate the interaction of GHG emissions with air transport, environmental taxes and GDP in the years 2009–2018. The next step to confirm the obtained results was the application of statistical methods: the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method of linear ordering and the Perkal index. Based on the study findings, the analyzed countries were divided into three groups: the group of innovators, the stable group and the group of students. The analysis revealed the relationship of all three analyzed variables with air transport. The development of the aviation sector leads to a significant increase in GHG emissions from transport, increased revenues from environmental taxes and acceleration of the rate of economic growth of a country.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 79%

Analysis of the Relationship of the Degree of Aviation Sector Development with Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Measures of Economic Development in the European Union Countries

et al. 2021

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The Value of Teachers' Pensions in England and Wales*

2010

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The paper examines in detail the value of pension provision to teachers in the public sector in England and Wales, comparing pension accrual under both the pre‐ and the post‐2007 schemes. We find that, at the median, pension accruals under the old scheme rules were worth 14.7 per cent of current salary to members, while if the new scheme rules were applied to all current members this would fall to 11.2 per cent. We find that this reduction in generosity is more than sufficient to offset the increase in generosity implied by rising life expectancies over the last quarter of a century. In addition, we show how the estimates depend on both the shape of the underlying age–earnings profile and the headline pay award. We find that the value of the new scheme rules to Teachers' Pension Scheme (TPS) members is similar to the value of the defined contribution pension offered to civil servants, but worth more than a simple, example, private sector defined contribution scheme.

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UK Public Finances: From Crisis to Recovery

Emmerson

Tetlow

2015

Fiscal Studies

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The financial crisis of 2008 and associated recession caused significant permanent damage to the UK's public finances: the UK economy is not expected to regain the economic growth trajectory that was predicted pre‐crisis. In response, UK governments have planned and (so far, partially) implemented a significant fiscal tightening to cut borrowing from a post‐war high of over 10 per cent of GDP to a planned overall surplus. This fiscal tightening is heavily weighted towards spending cuts, which are expected to comprise 86 per cent of the measures. The spending measures imply not only a significant reduction in spending as a share of GDP but also a significant change in the composition of that spending – with benefits for pensioners, health care and schooling now taking up a much larger share of overall spending than they did pre‐crisis. Overall, the new tax and benefit measures have included some welcome improvements to the structure of the system, but many of these have probably happened in spite of, rather than because of, the need for fiscal consolidation. Opportunities to make many significant improvements have been missed, while in other areas new policies have made the system less efficient and less coherent.

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The IFS Green Budget: January 2008

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of the Relationship of the Degree of Aviation Sector Development with Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Measures of Economic Development in the European Union Countries

Analysis of the Relationship of the Degree of Aviation Sector Development with Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Measures of Economic Development in the European Union Countries

The Value of Teachers' Pensions in England and Wales*

UK Public Finances: From Crisis to Recovery

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