The identity and distribution of Fiorinia phantasma (Cockerell & Robinson) Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae), with a new synonym

Abstract

The morphologies of Fiorinia phantasma (Cockerell & Robinson) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) and F. coronata Williams & Watson are reviewed, and the name F. coronata is placed as a junior synonym of the name F. phantasma syn. n. The known geographical distribution and host range of F. phantasma is documented and discussed. An identification key to 12 of the 16 species of Fiorinia known from the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions is provided.

Supplementary material 1 from: Ahmed MZ, Moore MR, Rohrig EA, McKenzie CL, Liu D, Feng J, Normark BB, Miller DR (2021) Taxonomic and identification review of adventive Fiorinia Targioni Tozzetti (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Diaspididae) of the United States. ZooKeys 1065: 141-203. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1065.69171

“…We newly describe and illustrate first-instar nymphs and adult females of two species, F. phantasma and F. proboscidaria. In addition, we provide updated taxonomic keys for first-instar nymphs (adapted from Howell 1977) and adult females (Watson et al 2015).…”

Figure 20 from: Ahmed MZ, Moore MR, Rohrig EA, McKenzie CL, Liu D, Feng J, Normark BB, Miller DR (2021) Taxonomic and identification review of adventive Fiorinia Targioni Tozzetti (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Diaspididae) of the United States. ZooKeys 1065: 141-203. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1065.69171

“…Fiorinia phantasma, commonly known as phantasma scale, was described from the Philippine Islands in 1915. Subsequently, a major global expansion of F. phantasma occurred over the last decade through movement of nursery stock (Watson et al 2015). Fiorinia phantasma is now documented from 19 countries (China (Hong Kong, Mainland China, Taiwan), France, French Polynesia, Grenada, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Nauru, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Reunion, Saint Barthelemy and Saint Martin, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Thailand, United States (American Samoa, Florida, Hawaii, Guam), and Vietnam).…”

“…Fiorinia phantasma is now documented from 19 countries (China (Hong Kong, Mainland China, Taiwan), France, French Polynesia, Grenada, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Nauru, Netherlands, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Reunion, Saint Barthelemy and Saint Martin, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Thailand, United States (American Samoa, Florida, Hawaii, Guam), and Vietnam). In some areas, F. phantasma may reach heavy infestations causing serious plant damage (Watson et al 2015;García Morales et al 2016). In one particularly impactful infestation of F. phantasma, approximately 6,000 palms were severely infested and declining at a resort in the Maldives (Watson et al 2015).…”

“…In some areas, F. phantasma may reach heavy infestations causing serious plant damage (Watson et al 2015;García Morales et al 2016). In one particularly impactful infestation of F. phantasma, approximately 6,000 palms were severely infested and declining at a resort in the Maldives (Watson et al 2015). A polyphagous pest, F. phantasma has been reported on 25 families and 56 genera of hosts, including many nursery and ornamental plants, particularly palms, as well as several fruit crops (Watson et al 2015;García Morales et al 2016;Ahmed et al 2021).…”

“…In one particularly impactful infestation of F. phantasma, approximately 6,000 palms were severely infested and declining at a resort in the Maldives (Watson et al 2015). A polyphagous pest, F. phantasma has been reported on 25 families and 56 genera of hosts, including many nursery and ornamental plants, particularly palms, as well as several fruit crops (Watson et al 2015;García Morales et al 2016;Ahmed et al 2021). For the nursery and greenhouse sector, palms account for sales of approximately $400 million annually in Florida and well over $1 billion annually in the USA (Khachatryan and Hodges 2012).…”