The <i>FATTY ACID DESATURASE2</i> Family in Tomato Contributes to Primary Metabolism and Stress Responses

Lee, Min Woo; Padilla, Carmen S.; Gupta, Chirag; Galla, Aravind; Pereira, Andy; Li, Jiamei; Goggin, Fiona L.

doi:10.1104/pp.19.00487

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…The latter is in line with the decrease in the plastid membrane trienoic fatty acids (Figure 3). In the present study, a specific 16:0-MGDG Δ7-desaturase (FAD5) coding gene was found to be highly up-regulated after H. In addition, major differences were detected in ER lipid biosynthetic gene transcripts in the H B3 samples, where the highly expressed gene coding for 18:1-phosphatidylcholine ω6 desaturase (FAD2-1, Lee et al, 2020) isoform and 16:2/18:2 galactolipid ω3 desaturase (FAD3, Yu et al, 2009) were repressed.…”

Section: Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 54%

A transcriptomic, metabolomic and cellular approach to the physiological adaptation of tomato fruit to high temperature

Almeida

Pérez-Fons

2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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High temperatures can negatively influence plant growth and development. Besides yield, the effects of heat stress on fruit quality traits remain poorly characterised. In tomato, insights into how fruits regulate cellular metabolism in response to heat stress could contribute to the development of heat‐tolerant varieties, without detrimental effects on quality. In the present study, the changes occurring in wild type tomato fruits after exposure to transient heat stress have been elucidated at the transcriptome, cellular and metabolite level. An impact on fruit quality was evident as nutritional attributes changed in response to heat stress. Fruit carotenogenesis was affected, predominantly at the stage of phytoene formation, although altered desaturation/isomerisation arose during the transient exposure to high temperatures. Plastidial isoprenoid compounds showed subtle alterations in their distribution within chromoplast sub‐compartments. Metabolite profiling suggests limited effects on primary/intermediary metabolism but lipid remodelling was evident. The heat‐induced molecular signatures included the accumulation of sucrose and triacylglycerols, and a decrease in the degree of membrane lipid unsaturation, which influenced the volatile profile. Collectively, these data provide valuable insights into the underlying biochemical and molecular adaptation of fruit to heat stress and will impact on our ability to develop future climate resilient tomato varieties.

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Section: Lipid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 54%

A transcriptomic, metabolomic and cellular approach to the physiological adaptation of tomato fruit to high temperature

Almeida

Pérez-Fons

2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…FAD2 encodes 12-desaturase that catalyzes the conversion of oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2) (Ohlrogge and Browse, 1995). The Arabidopsis genome has only a single FAD2 gene (AT3G12120), but most other plant species carry multiple FAD2 homologs (Cao et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2020). The duplication of FAD2 genes in plants would have enabled the functional diversification of these enzymes, leading to divergent catalytic activities and the synthesis of novel metabolites.…”

Section: Infection With A2-o Induces Genes Related To Defense Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duplication of FAD2 genes in plants would have enabled the functional diversification of these enzymes, leading to divergent catalytic activities and the synthesis of novel metabolites. For example, recent studies have shown that tomato has non-canonical FAD2 family proteins that lack 12-desaturase activity (Jeon et al, 2020;Lee et al, 2020). In particular, ACET1a/b (Solyc12g100240 and Solyc12g100260) and FAD2-9 (Solyc12g100250) are noncanonical FAD2 involved in the biosynthesis pathway from linoleic acid to a phytoalexin, falcarindiol (Jeon et al, 2020).…”

Section: Infection With A2-o Induces Genes Related To Defense Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Responses in a New Model Root-Knot Nematode Infection System Using Solanum torvum and Meloidogyne arenaria

et al. 2021

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Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most devastating pests in agriculture. Solanum torvum Sw. (Turkey berry) has been used as a rootstock for eggplant (aubergine) cultivation because of its resistance to RKNs, including Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. We previously found that a pathotype of M. arenaria, A2-J, is able to infect and propagate in S. torvum. In vitro infection assays showed that S. torvum induced the accumulation of brown pigments during avirulent pathotype A2-O infection, but not during virulent A2-J infection. This experimental system is advantageous because resistant and susceptible responses can be distinguished within a few days, and because a single plant genome can yield information about both resistant and susceptible responses. Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis of S. torvum inoculated with A2-J and A2-O at early stages of infection was used to parse the specific resistance and susceptible responses. Infection with A2-J did not induce statistically significant changes in gene expression within one day post-inoculation (DPI), but afterward, A2-J specifically induced the expression of chalcone synthase, spermidine synthase, and genes related to cell wall modification and transmembrane transport. Infection with A2-O rapidly induced the expression of genes encoding class III peroxidases, sesquiterpene synthases, and fatty acid desaturases at 1 DPI, followed by genes involved in defense, hormone signaling, and the biosynthesis of lignin at 3 DPI. Both isolates induced the expression of suberin biosynthetic genes, which may be triggered by wounding during nematode infection. Histochemical analysis revealed that A2-O, but not A2-J, induced lignin accumulation at the root tip, suggesting that physical reinforcement of cell walls with lignin is an important defense response against nematodes. The S. torvum-RKN system can provide a molecular basis for understanding plant-nematode interactions.

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“…However, the high linoleic acid content of tobacco seed oil is problematic from the perspective of oxidative stability, which is important for industrial applications [1,3]. Low linoleic acid and high oleic acid content are preferred in nearly all oil seed crops breeding, and high oleic acid cultivars have been generated by selecting for or engineering reduced FAD2 activity [55]. In this paper, four FAD2 genes were firstly identified from tobacco genome (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that FAD2 genes play crucial roles in response to various abiotic stresses, such as chilling temperature [60,[67][68][69] and salt [70]. Most recently, FAD2 genes were demonstrated to be responsible for biotic stress in tomato [55]. The house-keeping NtFAD2-1 genes sequence were highly similar with the seed-type NtFAD2-2 genes.…”

Section: Crispr-cas9 System Was a Useful Tool For Tobacco Breedingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Design of high-oleic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed oil by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of NtFAD2–2

Tian

Chen

et al. 2020

BMC Plant Biol

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Background: Tobacco seed oil could be used as an appropriate feedstock for biodiesel production. However, the high linoleic acid content of tobacco seed oil makes it susceptible to oxidation. Altering the fatty acid profile by increasing the content of oleic acid could improve the properties of biodiesel produced from tobacco seed oil. Results: Four FAD2 genes, NtFAD2-1a, NtFAD2-1b, NtFAD2-2a, and NtFAD2-2b, were identified in allotetraploid tobacco genome. Phylogenetic analysis of protein sequences showed that NtFAD2-1a and NtFAD2-2a originated from N. tomentosiformis, while NtFAD2-1b and NtFAD2-2b from N. sylvestris. Expression analysis revealed that NtFAD2-2a and NtFAD2-2b transcripts were more abundant in developing seeds than in other tissues, while NtFAD2-1a and NtFAD2-1b showed low transcript levels in developing seed. Phylogenic analysis showed that NtFAD2-2a and NtFAD2-2b were seed-type FAD2 genes. Heterologous expression in yeast cells demonstrated that both NtFAD2-2a and NtFAD2-2b protein could introduce a double bond at the Δ 12 position of fatty acid chain. The fatty acid profile analysis of tobacco fad2-2 mutant seeds derived from CRISPR-Cas9 edited plants showed dramatic increase of oleic acid content from 11% to over 79%, whereas linoleic acid decreased from 72 to 7%. In addition, the fatty acid composition of leaf was not affected in fad2-2 mutant plants. Conclusion: Our data showed that knockout of seed-type FAD2 genes in tobacco could significantly increase the oleic acid content in seed oil. This research suggests that CRISPR-Cas9 system offers a rapid and highly efficient method in the tobacco seed lipid engineering programs.

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The FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 Family in Tomato Contributes to Primary Metabolism and Stress Responses

Cited by 33 publications

References 100 publications

A transcriptomic, metabolomic and cellular approach to the physiological adaptation of tomato fruit to high temperature

A transcriptomic, metabolomic and cellular approach to the physiological adaptation of tomato fruit to high temperature

Transcriptomic Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Responses in a New Model Root-Knot Nematode Infection System Using Solanum torvum and Meloidogyne arenaria

Design of high-oleic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed oil by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of NtFAD2–2

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