The <i>DAISY</i> gene from <i>Arabidopsis</i> encodes a fatty acid elongase condensing enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of aliphatic suberin in roots and the chalaza‐micropyle region of seeds

Franke, Rochus; Höfer, René; Briesen, Isabel; Emsermann, Mitja; Efremova, Nadia; Yephremov, Alexander; Schreiber, Lukas

doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03674.x

Cited by 186 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Components of the polyaromatic domain are ferulic acid and coumaric acid Mattinen et al, 2009). The polyaliphatic fraction consists mainly of longchain alkanoic acids, primary alkanols, v-hydroxy alkanoic acids, 2-hydroxy alkanoic acids, a,v-alkanedioic acids, and, to a lesser extent, very-long-chain primary alkanols and alkanoic acids (Schreiber et al, 1999;Kolattukudy, 2001;Franke et al, 2009). …”

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confidence: 99%

The Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein AtLtpI-4 Is Involved in Suberin Formation of Arabidopsis thaliana Crown Galls

Deeken

Saupe

Klinkenberg³

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins reversibly bind different types of lipid molecules in a hydrophobic cavity. They facilitate phospholipid transfer between membranes in vitro, play a role in cuticle and possibly in suberin formation, and might be involved in plant pathogen defense signaling. This study focuses on the role of the lipid transfer protein AtLTPI-4 in crown gall development. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) crown gall tumors, which develop upon infection with the virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58, highly expressed AtLTPI-4. Crown galls of the atltpI-4 loss-of-function mutant were much smaller compared with those of wild-type plants. The gene expression pattern and localization of the protein to the plasma membrane pointed to a function of AtLTPI-4 in cell wall suberization. Since Arabidopsis crown galls are covered by a suberin-containing periderm instead of a cuticle, we analyzed the suberin composition of crown galls and found a reduction in the amounts of long-chain fatty acids (C 18:0 ) in the atltpI-4 mutant. To demonstrate the impact of AtLtpI-4 on extracellular lipid composition, we expressed the protein in Arabidopsis epidermis cells. This led to a significant increase in the very-long-chain fatty acids C 24 and C 26 in the cuticular wax fraction. Homology modeling and lipid-protein-overlay assays showed that AtLtpI-4 protein can bind these very-long-chain fatty acids. Thus, AtLtpI-4 protein may facilitate the transfer of long-chain as well as very-long-chain fatty acids into the apoplast, depending on the cell type in which it is expressed. In crown galls, which endogenously express AtLtpI-4, it is involved in suberin formation.

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confidence: 99%

The Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein AtLtpI-4 Is Involved in Suberin Formation of Arabidopsis thaliana Crown Galls

Deeken

Saupe

Klinkenberg³

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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“…PotriKCS1 and 2 fall into the same clade as Arabidopsis KCS2 and 20, two condensing enzymes that have been reported to produce predominantly saturated VLCFAs up to 26 carbons in length and are implicated in suberin biosynthesis in roots and wax formation in stems (Tresch et al, 2012;Trenkamp et al, 2004;Lee et al, 2009;Franke et al, 2009;Blacklock and Jaworski, 2006). This suggests that KCSs are very plastic enzymes, whose substrate specificity can quickly change to increase wax diversity.…”

Section: D9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Natural Variation to Uncover an Alkene Biosynthetic Enzyme in Poplar

et al. 2017

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Alkenes are linear hydrocarbons with one or more double bonds. Despite their potential as biofuels and precursors for specialty chemicals, the underlying biochemistry and genetics of alkene biosynthesis in plants remain elusive. Here, we report on a screen of natural accessions of poplar (Populus trichocarpa), revealing that the leaf cuticular waxes are predominantly composed of alkanes and alkenes. Interestingly, the accumulation of alkenes increases with leaf development, is limited to the abaxial side of the leaf, and is impaired in a few accessions. Among other genes, a b-ketoacyl CoA synthase gene (PotriKCS1) was downregulated in leaves from non-alkene-producing accessions. We demonstrated biochemically that PotriKCS1 elongates monounsaturated fatty acids and is responsible for the recruitment of unsaturated substrates to the cuticular wax. Moreover, we found significant associations between the presence of alkenes and tree growth and resistance to leaf spot. These findings highlight the crucial role of cuticular waxes as the first point of contact with the environment, and they provide a foundation for engineering long-chain monounsaturated oils in other species.

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“…Recent discoveries, such as the determination that acyl-CoA: glycerol-3-phosphate acetyltransferase, cytochrome P450 fatty acid v-hydroxylase CYP86A1, b-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FAR1, FAR4, and FAR5), a distinct glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, and the DSO/ABCG11 transporter are involved in suberin deposition are starting to unravel the enzymology of suberin biosynthesis Li et al, 2007;Hö fer et al, 2008;Franke et al, 2009;Domergue et al, 2010;Panikashvili et al, 2010;Yang et al, 2010). The recent observation that loss of function of the dirigent-like protein ESB1 in Arabidopsis causes a doubling of suberin (Baxter et al, 2009) may provide the first evidence that dirigent-like proteins (Davin and Lewis, 2000) are involved in the biosynthesis of suberin, though currently the mechanism remains elusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphingolipids in the Root Play an Important Role in Regulating the Leaf Ionome inArabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2011

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Sphingolipid synthesis is initiated by condensation of Ser with palmitoyl-CoA producing 3-ketodihydrosphinganine (3-KDS), which is reduced by a 3-KDS reductase to dihydrosphinganine. Ser palmitoyltransferase is essential for plant viability. Arabidopsis thaliana contains two genes (At3g06060/TSC10A and At5g19200/TSC10B) encoding proteins with significant similarity to the yeast 3-KDS reductase, Tsc10p. Heterologous expression in yeast of either Arabidopsis gene restored 3-KDS reductase activity to the yeast tsc10Δ mutant, confirming both as bona fide 3-KDS reductase genes. Consistent with sphingolipids having essential functions in plants, double mutant progeny lacking both genes were not recovered from crosses of single tsc10A and tsc10B mutants. Although the 3-KDS reductase genes are functionally redundant and ubiquitously expressed in Arabidopsis, 3-KDS reductase activity was reduced to 10% of wild-type levels in the loss-of-function tsc10a mutant, leading to an altered sphingolipid profile. This perturbation of sphingolipid biosynthesis in the Arabidopsis tsc10a mutant leads an altered leaf ionome, including increases in Na, K, and Rb and decreases in Mg, Ca, Fe, and Mo. Reciprocal grafting revealed that these changes in the leaf ionome are driven by the root and are associated with increases in root suberin and alterations in Fe homeostasis.

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The DAISY gene from Arabidopsis encodes a fatty acid elongase condensing enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of aliphatic suberin in roots and the chalaza‐micropyle region of seeds

Cited by 186 publications

References 86 publications

The Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein AtLtpI-4 Is Involved in Suberin Formation of Arabidopsis thaliana Crown Galls

The Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein AtLtpI-4 Is Involved in Suberin Formation of Arabidopsis thaliana Crown Galls

Exploiting Natural Variation to Uncover an Alkene Biosynthetic Enzyme in Poplar

Sphingolipids in the Root Play an Important Role in Regulating the Leaf Ionome inArabidopsis thaliana

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