2016
DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01486
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The Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein AtLtpI-4 Is Involved in Suberin Formation of Arabidopsis thaliana Crown Galls

Abstract: Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins reversibly bind different types of lipid molecules in a hydrophobic cavity. They facilitate phospholipid transfer between membranes in vitro, play a role in cuticle and possibly in suberin formation, and might be involved in plant pathogen defense signaling. This study focuses on the role of the lipid transfer protein AtLTPI-4 in crown gall development. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) crown gall tumors, which develop upon infection with the virulent Agrobacterium tumefaci… Show more

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Cited by 58 publications
(60 citation statements)
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References 95 publications
(130 reference statements)
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“…More recently, disruption of LTPG4 and LTPG6 caused enhanced seed coat permeability to tetrazolium salt and decreased the ω‐hydroxy VLCFAs content in seed coats, suggesting the involvement of LTPG in suberin deposition (Edstam and Edqvist, ). The non‐specific LTP, AtLtpI‐4, which lacks a GPI anchor, was also reported to be implicated in the export of LCFAs and VLCFAs required for the formation of suberin‐containing periderm in Arabidopsis crown galls (Deeken et al ., ). In our study, we revealed that LTPG15 is involved in suberin monomer export or deposition based on the following evidence: (i) expression of LTPG15 in the outer integument of seed coats, (ii) localization of LTPG15 in the plasma membrane, (iii) a decrease in the levels of fatty acids, primary alcohols, ω‐hydroxy fatty acids, and α,ω‐alkanediols with chain lengths between 20 and 24 carbon atoms in seed coats of the ltpg15 mutant relative to WT, (iv) defects in the hilum region of ltpg15 seed coats and increased permeability of ltpg15 seed coat to tetrazolium salts, and (v) reduced germination rate and seedling establishment of the ltpg15 mutant under salt and osmotic stress conditions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…More recently, disruption of LTPG4 and LTPG6 caused enhanced seed coat permeability to tetrazolium salt and decreased the ω‐hydroxy VLCFAs content in seed coats, suggesting the involvement of LTPG in suberin deposition (Edstam and Edqvist, ). The non‐specific LTP, AtLtpI‐4, which lacks a GPI anchor, was also reported to be implicated in the export of LCFAs and VLCFAs required for the formation of suberin‐containing periderm in Arabidopsis crown galls (Deeken et al ., ). In our study, we revealed that LTPG15 is involved in suberin monomer export or deposition based on the following evidence: (i) expression of LTPG15 in the outer integument of seed coats, (ii) localization of LTPG15 in the plasma membrane, (iii) a decrease in the levels of fatty acids, primary alcohols, ω‐hydroxy fatty acids, and α,ω‐alkanediols with chain lengths between 20 and 24 carbon atoms in seed coats of the ltpg15 mutant relative to WT, (iv) defects in the hilum region of ltpg15 seed coats and increased permeability of ltpg15 seed coat to tetrazolium salts, and (v) reduced germination rate and seedling establishment of the ltpg15 mutant under salt and osmotic stress conditions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The levels of C24 ω‐hydroxy fatty acids, which are the most abundant in the suberin composition of seed coats, were clearly reduced in ltpg4 and ltpg6 (Edstam and Edqvist, ). When AtLtpI‐4 was overexpressed in epidermal cells under the control of the ABCG12 promoter (Pighin et al ., ), significant increases were observed only in the levels of C24 and C26 fatty acids in leaf cuticular wax analysis (Deeken et al ., ). The reduction in the levels of VLCFAs, primary alcohols, ω‐hydroxy fatty acids, and α,ω‐alkanediols with carbon numbers between C20 and C24 was observed in suberin monomer analysis of ltpg15 seed coats (Figure ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…However, in the silenced plants the intine underneath the exine is impaired and uncharacteristically separated from the exine and the microspore plasma membrane (66). (24,32). Further studies will hopefully reveal whether particular LTPs are involved in specific processes during lipid polymer deposition.…”
Section: Ltps In Lipid Barrier Polymer Depositionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, there are data accumulating suggesting that these proteins are required for the deposition and function of wax and lipidbased polymers, such as suberin, sporopollenin and the cuticle that form water-proof barriers on plant surfaces (24,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Additionally, some LTPs with cell wall loosening activities could be important for plant growth (33).…”
Section: Overview Of Plant Non-specific Lipid Transfer Proteinsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The potential importance of fatty‐acid metabolic processes in regulating squirrel dispersal was explored by Sundaram (), who showed that differences in the outer wax layer of the pericarp influence squirrel perception of seed dormancy. Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (LGC.Sd15) in Arabidopsis are involved in the formation of suberin in crown galls (Deeken et al., ), various tissues of tomato in response to drought stress (Trevino & O'Connell, ), and the surface wax of broccoli leaves (Pyee, Yu, & Kolattukudy, ). Another lipid‐modifying gene, a cytochrome p450 oxidase (g3304), occurs at the same locus as the NLTL‐like predicted gene on LGC, and a second cytochrome p450 oxidase (LGA_g3246) was identified as a candidate gene on LGA.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%