THE HYDROSTATIC PIEZOELECTRICITY OF RELAXOR-PbT_iO₃ FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS AND CRYSTALS

Abstract

The hydrostatic piezoelectricity of Pb ( Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)–x PbTiO 3 (PMN–xPT) ceramics and PMN–0.32PT and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)–Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)–PbTiO3 (PMN–PIN–PT) crystals were investigated through a quasi-static method. The results showed that pressure-induced depolarization occurred in PMN–xPT ceramics when pressure was above about 50 MPa, while there was no obvious pressure-induced depolarization for PMN–0.32PT and PMN–PIN–PT crystals in the whole pressure range (0~530 MPa). The hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient d h of PMN–0.32PT and PMN–PIN–PT crystals was nearly independent of pressure. The d h of mono-domain orthorhombic and tetragonal phase crystals is slightly larger, on the order of 100 pC/N. In addition, the relationship between the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient d h and the longitudinal and transverse piezoelectric coefficients d33 and d31 for different crystal systems was summarized.

Relaxor-PT Single Crystal Piezoelectric Sensors

“…Moreover, the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficient d h for these relaxor-PT single crystals was nearly independent of loaded pressure. This study revealed that the second generation relaxor-PT single crystals have more suitable material properties for the design of underwater hydrophone compared with counterpart ceramics and the first generation crystals [91]. …”

Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites as Piezoelectric Nanogenerator: Properties, Fabrication and Market Applications

“…While d 15 and d 16 stand for thickness‐extension and thickness shear mode. [ 36–38 ] The two important piezoelectric constants describing the working phenomena of piezoelectricity are designated as and The first numerical “3” in or defines the voltage initiation axis direction through produced surface charges on stress application. The second numerical represents the axial direction for external force in the material.…”

The Versatility of Piezoelectric Composites

“…Large hydrostatic pressure causes near-exponential increases in the ε T of ceramics while also decreasing g h (65,102). The remanent polarization of PZT ceramics displays a large hysteresis during pressure cycling, which is theorized to occur through domain-wall movement or pinning as well as pressure-induced partial depolarization or phase transitions (103). On the other hand, the reversible domain wall motion of single crystals enables near-linear polarizations for large pressures, providing a large benefit for transducer designs (60,65).…”