The hydrogen electrode in the “dry”: A Kelvin probe approach to measuring hydrogen in metals

Evers, Stefan; Rohwerder, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2012.08.019

Cited by 78 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) [2][3][4] and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) [5,6] have been used to detect hydrogen in a range of materials and alloys. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has recently been reported as a new technique to detect hydrogen in steel [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen mapping in an aluminum alloy using an alternating current scanning electrochemical microscope (AC-SECM)

Lafouresse

Bonfils-Lahovary

Laffont

et al. 2017

Electrochemistry Communications

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. A B S T R A C TMeasurements using an alternating current scanning electrochemical microscope (AC-SECM) were performed on a 2024 aluminum alloy pre-charged with hydrogen. A gradient in AC current magnitude was observed over several hundreds of microns on the side perpendicular to the charging side. After heat treatment at 130°C for 2 h, the current gradient disappeared. Comparison with scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) measurements confirmed that the increase in AC current magnitude observed with AC-SECM was due to the presence of hydrogen in the material. Fitting of localized impedance spectra with a suitable equivalent circuit showed the influence of H on the corrosion rate. AC-SECM is thus a powerful new method to detect hydrogen and study its effect on corrosion at the micrometer scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen mapping in an aluminum alloy using an alternating current scanning electrochemical microscope (AC-SECM)

Lafouresse

Bonfils-Lahovary

Laffont

et al. 2017

Electrochemistry Communications

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“…2b and 4 and shown by the group of Rohwerder [25], calibration of the KP potential in dependence of the hydrogen concentration in Pd is limited by the formation of β-PdH x , which occurs above a concentration of x = 0.02 [37]. Formation of a mixed α,β-PdH x phase is indicated by a plateau in CPD and measured in this work giving a value of about 0.006 V (SHE) [25]. Therefore, the measured CPD should not fall below this potential value during hydrogen loading cycles.…”

Section: Hydrogen Detection and Humidity Influencementioning

confidence: 92%

“…This value is limiting the range, in which Pd can be used for hydrogen quantification. As Evers et al [25] and Lee et al [47] have demonstrated, correlation between work function or electrode potential and hydrogen concentration in the material is only observable in the less hydrogen containing α-PdH phase.…”

Section: Measurement Basics and Principlesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…At lower potentials, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) occurs dominating the hydrogen ingress with formation of a mixed α-,β-PdH phase at the entry side of the Pd membrane. Even though the used flow cell allows for polarizations at lower potentials going along with hydrogen evolution as shown in [34], those cathodic potentials are not considered for hydrogen loading as formation of β-PdH phase has to be avoided [25,47]. In order to achieve various amounts of hydrogen in the Pd sample, as mentioned earlier, several loading cycles were conducted by applying a constant potential of −0.7 V (SHE) with pulse durations between 5 and 180 s. The corresponding current transients (j) measured during these potentiostatic Hloading cycles are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Measurement Basics and Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter dependency is only valid in the case that a thin layer of electrolyte (e.g. water) is adsorbed on the surface [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges in hydrogen quantification using Kelvin probe technique at different levels of relative humidity

Burgstaller

Schimo

Hassel

2017

J Solid State Electrochem

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Kelvin probe-based contact potential measurements were conducted with in situ electrochemical hydrogen loading of a Pd membrane with a thickness of 100 μm. The theoretical basis of diffusion coefficient calculation based on measured response time of potential drop, arising from hydrogen arriving at the detection side of the Pd membrane, was discussed. In situ hydrogen loading was also utilized for insertion of different amounts of hydrogen into the Pd sample while monitoring the resulting contact potential difference changes. Measurement of contact potential difference at different final values of hydrogen concentration in the Pd membrane was performed at various atmospheric conditions, focusing in this work on increasing relative humidity (4 to 85% rH). Moreover, the effect of humidity changes on hydrogen effusion kinetics at room temperature and low oxygen content (<1%) was studied.

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Hydrogen Transport in Non‐Ideal Crystalline Materials

Auinger

2014

ChemPhysChem

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Hydrogen-transport behaviour under (non-)isothermal conditions is discussed. An extended modelling approach based on the effective diffusion coefficient is outlined for arbitrary temperature programmes, defect properties and hydrogen-loading pressures. The influence of mathematical terms, such as the trap equilibrium reaction or microstructural changes, is critically discussed and examples of thermal desorption spectra and isothermal diffusion behaviour are given.

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The hydrogen electrode in the “dry”: A Kelvin probe approach to measuring hydrogen in metals

Cited by 78 publications

References 11 publications

Hydrogen mapping in an aluminum alloy using an alternating current scanning electrochemical microscope (AC-SECM)

Hydrogen mapping in an aluminum alloy using an alternating current scanning electrochemical microscope (AC-SECM)

Challenges in hydrogen quantification using Kelvin probe technique at different levels of relative humidity

Hydrogen Transport in Non‐Ideal Crystalline Materials

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