The human microbiome and the great obstetrical syndromes: A new frontier in maternal–fetal medicine

Solt, Ido

doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.04.024

Cited by 69 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The results of these studies support the idea of a microbiota continuum along the reproductive tract and ascension from the vagina as the most plausible mode of upper genital tract colonization, as proposed after G. vaginalis biofilms were found in the fallopian tubes of patients diagnosed with BV . Migration of microorganisms from other organs/tracts to the reproductive tract via hematogenous spreading has also been suggested based on the similarities between the cervical and gastrointestinal tract microbial features in obese patients, or the correspondence between oral and placental microbiota in pregnant women …”

Section: Female Reproductive Tract Microbiotasupporting

confidence: 73%

Deciphering the effect of reproductive tract microbiota on human reproduction

Moreno

Simón

2018

Reprod Medicine & Biology

108

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BackgroundThe female reproductive tract contains an active microbiome comprising mainly bacteria from the Lactobacillus genus, which is associated with a healthy microbiome state. However, spatio‐temporal fluctuations of this microbiome that occur in response to internal and external factors may impact the physiology of the reproductive tract organs and even lead to pathological states.MethodsCurrent literature covering the reproductive tract microbiome is summarized and contextualized in this review.Main findingsThis review presents the current knowledge about the bacterial composition of the lower and upper reproductive tract as well as the impact of the microbiota on women's health and reproduction. We place special focus on the impact of the endometrial microbiome in infertility and assisted reproductive technologies.ConclusionThe assessment of the reproductive tract microbiome adds a new microbiological perspective to human reproduction, pregnancy, and onset of new life, highlighting the importance of considering the evaluation of microbial communities to improve personalized care in reproductive medicine and women's health.

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Section: Female Reproductive Tract Microbiotasupporting

confidence: 73%

Deciphering the effect of reproductive tract microbiota on human reproduction

Moreno

Simón

2018

Reprod Medicine & Biology

108

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“…Although there are many proposed routes to intrauterine infection including hematogenous spread of microbes from the oral (Han et al, 2006; Solt, 2015), gut (Cani, Osto, Geurts, & Everard, 2012), and respiratory (Sandu, Folescu, Pop, & Motoc, 2013) communities, the primary pathway to intrauterine infection is thought to involve the ascension of pathogenic microbes from the vagina and cervix into the uterus (Bastek, Gomez, & Elovitz, 2011; Romero et al, 2001). The activities of the microbes present in the vagina form a complex ecosystem, collectively known as the vaginal microbime, which play a role in both normal physiologic function as well as infection.…”

Section: The Microbiome As a Mechanism For Preterm Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiome and Complement Activation: A Mechanistic Model for Preterm Birth

Dunn

Dunlop

Hogue

et al. 2017

Biological Research For Nursing

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Preterm Birth (PTB, < 37 completed weeks' gestation) is one of the leading obstetrical problems in the United States affecting approximately 1 of every 9 births. Even more concerning are the persistent racial disparities in PTB with particularly high rates in African Americans. There are several recognized pathophysiologic pathways to PTB, including infection and/or exaggerated systemic or local inflammation. Intrauterine infection is a causal factor linked to PTB, thought to result most commonly from inflammatory processes triggered by microbial invasion of bacteria ascending from the vaginal microbiome. Trials to treat various infections have shown limited efficacy in reducing PTB risk, suggesting that other complex mechanisms, including those associated with inflammation, may be involved in the relationship between microbes, infection, and PTB. A key mediator of the inflammatory response, and recently shown to be associated with PTB, is the complement system, an innate defense mechanism involved in both normal physiologic processes that occur during pregnancy implantation, as well as processes that promote the elimination of pathogenic microbes. The purpose of this paper is to present a mechanistic model of inflammation-associated PTB, which hypothesizes a relationship between the microbiome and dysregulation of the complement system. Exploring the relationships between the microbial environment and complement biomarkers may elucidate a potentially modifiable biological pathway to preterm birth.

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“…This implicates that the placenta may play an important role in the transmission of HPV, not unlike several other human viruses [42]. Indeed, studies on the role of the placenta and other maternal microbiomes as regulators of neonates’ microbiomes have increased only recently [28], attesting the view that the fetus can be exposed to microbiota during pregnancy, with long-term sequels in their health. Thus, the placenta has been suggested to act as a site where the translocated maternal oral microbes are presented to the fetal immune system, resulting in the development of prenatal tolerance to the maternal microbiome [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in placenta and/or cord blood might result in Th2 polarization

Koskimaa

Paaso

Welters

et al. 2017

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate if an early exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV) during the prenatal period or infancy could result in HPV16-specific T helper (Th) responses resembling those of adults with HPV-induced lesions. We tested HPV16-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in children born with HPV-positive umbilical cord blood and/or placenta or having persistent oral HPV infection and in constantly oral HPV-negative controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 33 children from the Finnish HPV Family Study cohort (mean age 14.7 years) were stimulated with peptide pools covering the amino acid sequence of the HPV16 E2, E6, and E7 proteins. Lymphocyte proliferation, secretion of cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17A), and the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells were determined in relation to the HPV DNA status during a 14-year follow-up. 73.6% of cases and 85.7% of controls responded against HPV16 E2, while reactivity against E6 was found in 10.5 and 35.7%, respectively. The proliferative response against E6 and E7 was more frequent in controls than in cases (p = 0.047). No HPV16-specific CMI response or antibodies were detected in two children with persistent oral HPV16. The profiles of induced cytokines indicated higher levels of IL-5, IL-10, and IL-17A in children with HPV DNA in placenta and/or cord blood than in other children. HPV16-specific CMI is common in HPV DNA-negative children. The cytokine profile in children infected with HPV16 during early life suggests that the viral dose and/or specific environment created by the placenta may have significant impact on the type of HPV-specific immunity.

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The human microbiome and the great obstetrical syndromes: A new frontier in maternal–fetal medicine

Cited by 69 publications

References 93 publications

Deciphering the effect of reproductive tract microbiota on human reproduction

Deciphering the effect of reproductive tract microbiota on human reproduction

The Microbiome and Complement Activation: A Mechanistic Model for Preterm Birth

The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in placenta and/or cord blood might result in Th2 polarization

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