The HPA axis dysregulation in severe mental illness: Can we shift the blame to gut microbiota?

Misiak, Błażej; Łoniewski, Igor; Marlicz, Wojciech; Frydecka, Dorota; Szulc, Agata; Rudzki, Leszek; Samochowiec, Jerzy

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109951

Cited by 195 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Further studies on members within this genus in anti-LGI1 encephalitis are needed. Recent studies have reported that some bacteria are associated with not only the onset of diseases but also with the certain clinical symptoms (40)(41)(42). Given the fact that the Sphingomonas genera increased in both anti-LGI1 encephalitis and Parkinson's disease, we made a bold assumption that the Sphingomonas may link to the extrapyramidal symptoms or even the pathomechanisms of FBDS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical Features and Gut Microbial Alterations in Anti-leucine-rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 Encephalitis—A Pilot Study

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Neurol.

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Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (anti-LGI1) encephalitis is a rare autoimmune encephalitis (AE). We investigated the clinical features and gut microbial alterations of anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Fifteen patients newly diagnosed with anti-LGI1 encephalitis were recruited in the study prior to the administration of immunotherapy. The control group contains 25 well-matched healthy controls (HCs). All participants were Han Chinese from South China. Their clinical data and fecal samples were collected. The diversity and composition of gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing. The results showed that anti-LGI1 encephalitis was characterized by cognitive impairment, faciobrachial dystonic seizures, hyponatremia, and psychiatric symptoms. Abnormal EEG and brain MRI were presented in 9 and 10 patients, respectively. Compared to HCs, the anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients exhibited a decreased microbial diversity and an altered overall composition of gut microbiome. At the phylum level, anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients exhibited a higher abundance of Proteobacteria and a lower abundance of Firmicutes. The alterations in the phylum level were associated with autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. At the genus level, there was an increase in Sphingomonas, Anaerofustis, Succinvibrio, Clostridium, and SMB53 (genera related to movement disorders, psychiatric diseases, and with proinflammatory effects). However, the Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Lachnospira, Ruminococcus, and Blautia [genera with ability to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)] were obviously reduced in the patient group. Our results suggest that anti-LGI1 encephalitis is characterized by special clinical features and is accompanied by alterations in specific gut microbiota. For the limited sample size and non-applicability to other populations, further studies are warranted to explore the relationships between gut microbiota and anti-LGI1 encephalitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical Features and Gut Microbial Alterations in Anti-leucine-rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 Encephalitis—A Pilot Study

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Neurol.

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“…Increasing evidence suggests that an aberrant gut microbiota may be bidirectionally connected with disturbances in the HPA axis [62], chronic inflammation [47,63], and OxS exacerbation in tissues [64], as well as dysfunction in BAT and reduction in the browning process of WAT [65,66]. Therefore, it may serve as a link between MetS, depression and dysbiosis.…”

Section: Microbiota As a Connecting Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiposity in Depression or Depression in Adiposity? The Role of Immune-Inflammatory-Microbial Overlap

Gawlik-Kotelnicka

Strzelecki

2021

Life

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Some of the most common and debilitating conditions are metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and depression. These conditions are also exacerbated by the fact that they often co-occur. Although the exact mechanisms underlying such relationships are poorly known, antipsychotic medication and antidepressant use, diet and physical activity, and lifestyle factors are believed to play a role; however, their high co-occurrence rate suggests a possible pathophysiological overlap. This paper reviews several possible bases for this overlap, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, immune alterations with chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. While it is entirely possible that changes in the microbiota may play a role in each of them, interventions based on the implementation of dietary and other lifestyle changes, supplementation with prebiotics or probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation have failed to achieve conclusive results. A better characterization of the above associations may allow a more targeted approach to the treatment of both depressive and metabolic disorders. The paper also presents several practical applications for future studies.

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“…Furthermore, the gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of NAFLD by microbial metabolites such as SCFAs There is more and more evidence which proves that an aberrant gut microbiota may be bidirectionally connected with HPA axis disturbances 54 , chronic inflammation 39,55 and OxS exacerbation in tissues 56 . Therefore, it may serve as a link between MetS, depression and dysbiosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiposity in Depression or Depression in Adiposity? the Role of Immune-Inflammatory-Microbial Overlap

Gawlik-Kotelnicka¹

2021

Preprint

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Metabolic disorders, metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and depression are those of the most common and debilitating disorders worldwide that often coexist further increasing mortality risks. Although the exact mechanisms underlying this association are poorly known, several hypotheses have been proposed: antipsychotic medication and antidepressants use, diet and physical activity or any other lifestyle factors. However, the high co-occurrence rate of depression and metabolic disorders suggests a possible pathophysiological overlap. In this paper I review several raised mechanisms for this overlap which are the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, immune alterations with chronic inflammation, as well as oxidative stress. In my view, there is one common thread running through all the aforementioned areas of pathophysiology which is microbiota alteration. So far, several possible interventions in our microbiota have been introduced into clinical practice - dietary and other lifestyle changes, supplementation with prebiotics or probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation – but with vague indications. A better characterization of the above associations may represent a critical step at phenotyping, and a more targeted approach to the treatment of both depressive and metabolic disorders. At the end of the paper, I give several practical applications for future studies.

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The HPA axis dysregulation in severe mental illness: Can we shift the blame to gut microbiota?

Cited by 195 publications

References 136 publications

Clinical Features and Gut Microbial Alterations in Anti-leucine-rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 Encephalitis—A Pilot Study

Clinical Features and Gut Microbial Alterations in Anti-leucine-rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 Encephalitis—A Pilot Study

Adiposity in Depression or Depression in Adiposity? The Role of Immune-Inflammatory-Microbial Overlap

Adiposity in Depression or Depression in Adiposity? the Role of Immune-Inflammatory-Microbial Overlap

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