Adiposity in Depression or Depression in Adiposity? The Role of Immune-Inflammatory-Microbial Overlap

Gawlik-Kotelnicka, Oliwia; Strzelecki, Dominik

doi:10.3390/life11020117

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2017 reported a 49.86% increase in the incidence of depression (5), with at least one in five people experiencing depression in their lifetime (6)(7)(8). Depression is often comorbid of many chronic diseases and incrementally worsens health outcomes (9,10). Multiple community-and population-based studies have reported that patients with depression have a 2-fold increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Fatty Liver Associated With Depression? A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review on the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Depression and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Xiao

Lim

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Background and Aims: Both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and depression have a high global prevalence which is projected to increase further. While studies exploring the association have been done, there are conflicting data. This study aims to assess the prevalence and association between depression and NAFLD.Methods: Medline and Embase were searched from inception to March 3, 2020. Meta-analysis of proportions using the generalized linear mix model was conducted to analyze the pooled prevalence of depression in NAFLD patients. Risk factors for depression in NAFLD patients were evaluated in conventional pairwise meta-analysis.Results: Ten studies involving 2,041,752 NAFLD patients were included. Pooled prevalence of depression was 18.21% (CI: 11.12–28.38%) in patients with NAFLD and 40.68% (CI: 25.11–58.37%) in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD resulted in significantly higher risk of development of depression (OR: 1.29, CI: 1.02–1.64, p = 0.03). NASH patients had a significantly higher risk of depression compared with NAFLD patients (RR: 2.83, CI: 2.41–3.32, p < 0.001). Diabetes, body mass index (BMI), female sex, smoking, and history of pulmonary disease were significant risk factors for depression in NAFLD patients.Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of depression in NAFLD patients and a significant association between both conditions. Furthermore, patients with NASH had a significantly higher risk of depression compared with those with NAFLD. Diabetes, BMI, history of lung disease or smoking, and female gender were significant risk factors. Further studies investigating the pathophysiological mechanism underlying depression and NAFLD are needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Fatty Liver Associated With Depression? A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review on the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Depression and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Xiao

Lim

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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“… 12 , 13 Some suggest HPA‐axis overactivity to be related to melancholic depression and underactivity to non‐melancholic depression. 14 These differences attempt to explain parts of the pathophysiology of depression and its subtypes, 13 but much still remains unknown.…”

Section: Mortality and Depressive Symptoms‐findings From Helsinki Bir...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive symptoms and mortality‐findings from Helsinki birth cohort study

Eriksson

Korhonen

et al. 2022

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Background Individuals with depression and depressive symptoms have a higher mortality rate than non‐depressed individuals. The increased comorbidity and mortality associated with depression has remained largely unexplained. The underlying pathophysiological differences between depressive subtypes, melancholic and non‐melancholic, may provide some explanation to this phenomenon. Methods One thousand nine hundred and ninety five participants (mean age 61 years) from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study were recruited for this prospective study and followed up for a mean of 14.1 years. Information regarding medical history, lifestyle, and biochemical parameters were obtained. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated. Results Participants were followed up for a total of 28,044 person‐years. The melancholic depressive group had an increased adjusted risk of mortality [HR 1.49 (95% CI: 1.02–2.20)] when compared to the non‐depressive group. Comparing mortality to the whole population of Finland using standardized mortality ratios (SMR) both the non‐melancholic [1.11 (95% CI: 0.85–1.44)] and melancholic depressive [1.26 (95% CI: 0.87–1.81)] groups had higher mortality than the non‐depressive group [0.82 (95% CI: 0.73–0.93)]. Conclusions Melancholic depressive symptoms are most strongly related to a higher mortality risk.

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“…Reduced gut microbial diversity is now known to be associated with a variety of diseases such as: depression, autism, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, polycystic ovary syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, colon cancer, and liver cancer [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In animal experiments, it is suggested that some microbial community alterations can directly lead to disease states [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Deficiency Exacerbates Liver Injury in Bile Duct Ligated Mice via Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism

Zhou

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Bile components play a critical role in maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. In cholestasis, bile secretion is impaired, leading to liver injury. However, it remains to be elucidated whether gut microbiota plays a role in cholestatic liver injury. Here, we performed a sham operation and bile duct ligation (BDL) in antibiotic-induced microbiome depleted (AIMD) mice and assessed liver injury and fecal microbiota composition in these mice. Significant reductions in gut microbiota richness and diversity were found in AIMD-sham mice when compared to sham controls. Three-day BDL leads to great elevation of plasma ALT, ALP, total bile acids, and bilirubin where reduced diversity of the gut microbiota was also found. AIMD further aggravated cholestatic liver injury evidenced by significantly higher levels of plasma ALT and ALP, associated with further reduced diversity and increased Gram-negative bacteria in gut microbiota. Further analyses revealed increased levels of LPS in the plasma of AIMD-BDL mice where elevated expression of inflammatory genes and decreased expression of hepatic detoxification enzymes were also found in liver when compared to the BDL group. These findings indicate that gut microbiota plays a critical role in cholestatic liver injury. Maintaining its homeostasis may alleviate liver injury in patients with cholestasis.

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Adiposity in Depression or Depression in Adiposity? The Role of Immune-Inflammatory-Microbial Overlap

Cited by 12 publications

References 113 publications

Is Fatty Liver Associated With Depression? A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review on the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Depression and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Is Fatty Liver Associated With Depression? A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review on the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Depression and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Depressive symptoms and mortality‐findings from Helsinki birth cohort study

Gut Microbiota Deficiency Exacerbates Liver Injury in Bile Duct Ligated Mice via Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism

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