The horizontal propagation of sound from a jet engine close to the ground, at Radlett

Parkin, P.H.; Scholes, W.E.

doi:10.1016/0022-460x(64)90003-3

Cited by 61 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The acoustic levels measured at a minimum can be increased by 10 dB. [3][4][5] ͑2͒ Propagation over long distances when strong negative vertical sound speed gradients refract sound upward. Deterministic computations predict the existence of a deep shadow zone, whereas measurements indicate a nonnegligible sound-pressure level due to the scattering of sound by turbulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A numerical model for sound propagation through a turbulent atmosphere near the ground

Chevret

Blanc‐Benon

Juvé

1996

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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In this paper a series of numerical simulations of the effect of turbulence on the propagation of acoustic waves in the atmosphere are presented. First the technique of representing the turbulence as a set of realizations of a random field generated by a limited number of Fourier modes is described. Through each individual realization, the acoustic waves are propagated in a wide-angle parabolic approximation to obtain the sound-pressure level. Ensemble averaging is then performed to compute the statistical properties of the acoustic field: mean sound-pressure level, intensity fluctuations, and amplitude distributions. The method is applied first to a nonrefractive atmosphere, both in the presence of a rigid boundary and of an impedance ground, and then to an upward refractive atmosphere with an impedance ground. The model, which contains no adjustable parameters, is tested using the experimental data of Parkin and Scholes, Daigle, and Wiener and Keast. Good agreement between numerical simulations and experiments is obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…II, we present numerical simulations for a nonrefracting atmosphere. Predictions for the relative sound-pressure levels are compared with experimental data reported by Parkin and Scholes 3,4 and Daigle et al 5 In Sec. III, we consider the upward-refracting atmosphere case with reference to the experiments of Wiener and Keast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical model for sound propagation through a turbulent atmosphere near the ground

Chevret

Blanc‐Benon

Juvé

1996

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…Let us consider first the effects of the ground and of atmospheric turbulence in explaining the component parts of both solid curves for neutral wind and temperature conditions, and similar curves at other distances and sites by the same authors. , 3,26 At short ranges the direct and reflected waves are sufficient to explain measured results (see Fig. 6).…”

Section: How These Phenomena Affect Propagation In Practicementioning

confidence: 69%

Sound Propagation Outdoors--Improved Prediction Schemes for the 80s

Embleton¹

1982

Noise Control Eng.

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How sound propagates from a source to a listener outdoors is a complex problem explored by T.F.W. Embleton.t The acoustic impedance of the ground, various wave propagation phenomena (interference, diffraction, refraction, scattering) and meteorological conditions (wind, temperature and their fluctuations) all affect the sound-field to a significant degree. Both short and long-range propagation are affected by different mechanisms. Test procedures for vehicles and other devices, and prediction schemes for community noise, have economic and social implications. These latter factors have become more significant in recent years, and they should be matched by improvements in prediction techniques to embody the more precise understanding of propagation mechanisms now available.**

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“…Since ground attenuation is influenced considerably by the nature of the ground surface, it seems necessary to write eqn. (11) in the form AL, : = , (v + t l o g^) (12) the basis of results where, somewhat tentatively, and on reported by Rathe' 13 ' 7) = 0-5 for hard surfaces 7] = 1 0 for grass up to 300 mm high 7j = 3-5 for wheat or shrub up to 1 -2 m high 7j = 7 0 for forests with thick undergrowth Parkin and Scholes' 12 ' also report on the influence of wind, and it would seem feasible to allow for wind velocity in much the same way as for the nature of the surface. However, if average conditions are considered then the wind effects are probably negligible at most airports.…”

Section: Ground Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Aircraft Noise Disturbance

Niekerk

Müller

1969

Aeronaut. j.

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The disturbance due to aircraft noise which is being experienced in residential areas around the world's major airports is generally recognised as a serious problem. Indeed, the problem has reached the stage where public reaction is already influencing the development of future aircraft. Such influence may be seen in current international intention to include noise limitations in the certification of aircraft. Limits imposed on the noise generated by aircraft engines should serve to prevent the problem from becoming catastrophic, but cannot be expected to provide a final solution. Aircraft manufacturers may seem confident that further improvements in performance could be achieved without corresponding increase in noise, but further increases in air traffic could cancel out these gains and still leave communities near airports excessively disturbed.

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The horizontal propagation of sound from a jet engine close to the ground, at Radlett

Cited by 61 publications

References 2 publications

A numerical model for sound propagation through a turbulent atmosphere near the ground

A numerical model for sound propagation through a turbulent atmosphere near the ground

Sound Propagation Outdoors--Improved Prediction Schemes for the 80s

Assessment of Aircraft Noise Disturbance

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