The homolysis of C–H bonds in carbocations

Wang, Chang; Courtneidge, John L.; Davies, Alwyn G.; Djap, Woei Haw; Gregory, Peter S.; Yazdi, Safieh N.

doi:10.1039/c39840001541

Cited by 36 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…An issue still wide open regarding the clinical translation of our technology is the metabolizability and/or excretability of the gold nanoparticles. As a future perspective, it will be interesting to push the diameters of ultrasmall GNRs resonating around 1064 nm [50] below the threshold for renal clearance, that is, about 5 nm [53,54]. Unfortunately, we fear that this line will retard the onset of photocavitation, which typically benefits from larger sizing [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in spite of a recent trend in PAI toward ultra-small GNRs [50][51][52], which exhibit better photostability [37,51], and may also hold the promise of renal clearance [53,54], it is the larger particles that favor the onset of photocavitation [11], by the effect of heat confinement. Here, we work on the aspect ratio (AR = length/diameter) of relatively larger GNRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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1064‐nm‐resonant gold nanorods for photoacoustic theranostics within permissible exposure limits

Cavigli

Centi

Borri

et al. 2019

Journal of Biophotonics

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Therapeutic and diagnostic methods based on photomechanical effects are attracting much current attention in contexts as oncology, cardiology and vascular surgery, for such applications as photoacoustic imaging or microsurgery. Their underlying mechanism is the generation of ultrasound or cavitation from the interaction of short optical pulses with endogenous dyes or targeted contrast agents. Among the latter, gold nanorods are outstanding candidates, but their use has mainly been reported for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal treatments. Conversely, much less is still known about their value as a precision tool for photomechanical manipulations, such as to impart local damage with high spatial resolution through the expansion and collapse of microbubbles. Here, we address the feasibility of gold nanorods exhibiting a distribution of surface plasmon resonances between about 900 to above 1100 nm as a contrast agent for photoacoustic theranostics. After testing their cytotoxicity and cellular uptake, we discuss their photostability and use to mediate cavitation and the photomechanical destruction of targeted cells. We find that the choice of a plasmonic band peaking around 1064 nm is key to enhance the translational potential of this approach. With respect to the standard alternative of 800 nm, at 1064 nm, relevant regulations on optical exposure are less restrictive and the photonic technology is more mature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1064‐nm‐resonant gold nanorods for photoacoustic theranostics within permissible exposure limits

Cavigli

Centi

Borri

et al. 2019

Journal of Biophotonics

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“…Here we report data that showed the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in mitochondria of the brown adipose tissue and we conclude from our experiments that in brown adipose tissue the mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase represents a part of the shuttle through Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was determined according to Chang and Lane [7] in the presence of 0.5% Triton X-100. In experiments where formation of phosphoenolpyruvate was determined, mitochondria were incubated for 10 min at 30°C in an incubation mixture containing 15 mM KCl, 2 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgClz, 75 mM Tris-HCI buffer, 5 mM K-malate, 1 mM Na-oxoglutarate (pH 7.4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Phosphoenolpyruvate shuttle ‐ transport of energy from mitochondria to cytosol

et al. 1983

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Brown‐adipose tissue mitochondria of hamster and rat contain phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32). In the presence of ketoglutarate and malate, phosphoenolpyruvate is formed and exported forms mitochondria. Phosphoenolpyruvate formation is inhibited by 1,2,3‐benzenetricarboxylate. It is proposed that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase together with pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate kinase forms a phosphoenolpyruvate shuttle through which energy produced by the Krebs cycle in mitochondria may be exported to cytosol.

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“…Multiple halogenation of the tetraarylporphyrins serves to make the ring system relatively electron-deficient. The iron and manganese complexes of these electron-deficient porphyrins provide efficient and robust oxidative catalysts for functionalization of unreactive hydrocarbons (Traylor et al, 1984;Chang & Ebina, 1985). Surprisingly, the phenyl-fluorinated porphyrins also stabilize high-valent metal ions such as the iron(V) state (Nanthakumar & Goff, 1990).…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%