The HLA loci of the Hopi and Navajo

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present the genetic distribution at the HLA-A, B, C, and DR loci in the Hopi and the Navajo. A sample of 100 out-patients from each tribe was selected at the Public Health Service Indian Hospital in Keam's Canyon, Arizona, and was typed for the antigens at the four loci. The distributions of the alleles and the haplotypes are similar in each tribe. A distance measure, f, confirms the genetic similarity of the two populations. It is concluded that the great cultural diversity of the Hopi and the Navajo is the result of a cultural evolution and diversification that has greatly outstripped the genetic evolution at the major histocompatibility loci over the past 20,000 years.

Disability, compassion and the skeletal record: using musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) to construct an osteobiography from early New Mexico

“…The majority of JRA cases in males begin in the systemic form [38], so early symptoms of high fever, malaise, anorexia, anemia, and morning stiffness of joints may have occurred by this time. While symptoms are clinically known to subside after a 6-month period [14], episodes of JRA have been known to last for a few weeks to months, or even as long as years, often exacerbated during colder winter months [39]. There are often periods of sustained remission that may occur during the juvenile period, only to intensify during adulthood, causing the first instance of noticeable deformity [40].…”

“…Clinically documented causes [9,14,37] suggest a number of possibilities, including rheumatoid lung disease, spinal cord compression due to atlanto-occipital subluxa- R=7/L=7 R=6/L=6 R=7/L=7 R=7/L=7 Shoulder (14) R=0/L=0 R=0/L=0 Elbow (4) R=2/L=2 R=0/L=0 R=0/L=0 R=0/L=0 Wrist (4) R=2/L=2 R=0/L=0 R=10.5/L=8 R=10.5/L=8 R=10.5/L=8 R=19/L= Hand, right (19)/left (11) R=0/L=0 R=0/L=0 Hip (6) R=3/L=3 R=0/L=0 R=1/L=1 R=0/L=0 Knee (2) R=1/L=1 R=1/L=1 R=1/L=1 R=1/L=1 Ankle (2) R=1/L=1 R=0/L=0 R= R=11 R=10 R=11 Foot, right (11) tion, or septicaemia from a localized infection at one or more of the inflamed joints. Similarly, renal amyloidosis and thromboembolism should also be considered, although they also do not affect bone.…”

“…Although the genetic marker is typically found in low frequencies in individuals with JRA [9], the HLA-B27 haplotype does sometimes occur in individuals with JRA, and may identify children who are at risk of contracting JAS [13]. In Native Americans from New Mexico, presence of the B27 allele does occur [14] with up to an estimated allele frequency of 0.21 in some modern groups [15].…”

Genetic variation in Arizona Mexican Americans: Estimation and interpretation of admixture proportions

“…The fourteen lymphocytes included in the workshop analysis that type for this subtype of HLA-B21 came from either Mexican or Native Americans. While circumstantial evidence for this anti en has been accumulating for years (Mitta s et al, 1980;Williams et al, 1981;Ensroth et al, 1983;Ward et al, 1986), this re ort is the first time that the detailed Worishop serology is combined with a point estimate of its fre uency in a in this sample of Mexican Americans is further complicated by the presence of not only population. The serology of the A LA system the "split" antigens of HLA-B16 and HLA-B21 but also those within the HLA-B40 specificity; HLA-Bw6O and HLA-Bw61, and the crossreactive antigens HLA-B13, Bw41, and Bw48.…”

MHC Class II haplotypes of Colombian Amerindian tribes

“…Different studies of MHC class-I and class-II alleles in Amerindian populations have been carried out for anthropological as well as evolutionary studies (Layrisse et al , 1973; Kostyu and Amos 1981; Williams et al , 1981; Vullo et al , 1984; Gorodezky et al , 1985; Long et al , 1991; Petzl-Erler et al , 1993; Tsuneto et al , 2003; Parolin and Carnese 2009; Arnaiz-Villena et al , 2010, 2011; Vargas-Alarcon et al , 2011). New MHC class I and class II alleles have been identified in North and South Amerindian communities (Belich et al , 1992; Watkins et al , 1992; Zhang et al , 1993; Layrisse et al , 1997; Mack and Erlich 1998).…”