Disability, compassion and the skeletal record: using musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) to construct an osteobiography from early New Mexico

Hawkey, Diane E.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1212(1998090)8:5<326::aid-oa437>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 105 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Previous research suggests size and complexity of tendon insertions are indicative of strain magnitude resulting from habitual physical activity (Lane, 1887;Kennedy, 1989;Hawkey and Merbs, 1995;Churchill and Morris, 1998;Hawkey, 1998;Steen and Lane, 1998;Stirland, 1998;Wilczak and Kennedy, 1998;Capasso et al, 1999;Weiss, 2003Weiss, , 2004Weiss, , 2007 alOumaoui et al, 2004;Molnar, 2006;Cardoso and Henderson, 2010;Thara et al, 2010;Havelkova et al, 2011). Using both qualitative and quantitative data to assess the expression of insertion morphology along long bone diaphyses, inferences are frequently made regarding both generalized and specific activities past humans participated in throughout their daily lives.…”

Section: Keymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Entheses: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical and Anthropological Perspectives

Schlecht

2012

The Anatomical Record

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An enthesis is the interface where tendon meets bone, providing both muscle anchorage and stress dissipation. Previous anthropological research suggests size and complexity of entheses observable in osteological material, are indicative of the strain magnitude resulting from repetitive muscle contractions during the performance of daily routines. These proposed ''musculoskeletal stress markers'' are routinely incorporated into bioarcheological studies as evidence of general activity patterns past human populations participated in. However, much of how this complex osteotendinous interface develops and responds to mechanical strains is poorly understood. The following review seeks to shed light on this structural enigma by synthesizing current findings in both the clinical and anthropological literature, in the interest of generating new conversations in how entheses respond to contractual forces and the systemic influences (i.e., genetics, hormones), that surround their morphological development. Only once we truly understand the etiology of tendon insertion sites, will the value of enthesial research in reconstructing human behavior be determined. Anat Rec, 295:1239Rec, 295: -1251Rec, 295: , 2012. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Keywords: musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM); fibrocartilaginous; tendon anatomy; tendon insertion; bone morphology Anthropologists regularly implement bone remodeling principles in response to mechanical loads to infer a causal relationship between muscle tendon insertions and activity levels. Previous research suggests size and complexity of tendon insertions are indicative of strain magnitude resulting from habitual physical activity (Lane, 1887;Kennedy, 1989;Hawkey and Merbs, 1995;Churchill and Morris, 1998;Hawkey, 1998;Steen and Lane, 1998;Stirland, 1998;Wilczak and Kennedy, 1998;Capasso et al., 1999;Weiss, 2003Weiss, , 2004Weiss, , 2007 alOumaoui et al., 2004;Molnar, 2006;Cardoso and Henderson, 2010;Thara et al., 2010;Havelkova et al., 2011). Using both qualitative and quantitative data to assess the expression of insertion morphology along long bone diaphyses, inferences are frequently made regarding both generalized and specific activities past humans participated in throughout their daily lives. Recognition of this potential relationship between mechanical strain and the osteotendinous interface has led many to refer to tendon insertions sites as musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM). However, more empirical analyses exploring the factors responsible for these proposed MSM are needed before we can confidently begin to assess individual behavior and draw population-based inferences from series of skeletal remains. With this lack of understanding in the etiology of periosteal tendon insertion morphology, particularly in the mechanical and structural relationship between soft and hard tissues, this interface should be referred to by the clinical term, enthesis.

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Section: Keymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Entheses: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical and Anthropological Perspectives

Schlecht

2012

The Anatomical Record

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“…On one hand there are a range of well documented cases of prehistoric individuals that must have been cared for by others in order to keep them alive, some of which predate settled ways of living (Trinkaus & Zimmerman, 1982;Dickel & Doran, 1989;Schutkowski et al, 1996;Hawkey, 1998;Luna et al 2008;Tilley & Oxenham, 2011;Tilley, 2013 -also see Figure 1b). …”

Section: Care In the Pastmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Age Old Problem? Estimating the Impact of Dementia on Past Human Populations

2016

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Abstract:Objectives: To model the impact of dementia on past societies. Methods: We consider multople lines of evidence indicating elderly individuals to have been more common throughout the past than is frequently accepted. We then apply known dementia incidence/ prevalence rates to plausible assumptions of past population structures to suggest prevalence in the past. Results: Dementia prevalence in pre-modern societies is likely to have been around 5% of the rate seen in modern, developed countries, but with a total past incidence running into billions. Discussion: Dementia is often seen as a 'modern' challenge which humans have not had to contend with before. We argue that this condition has had considerably greater effects than previously envisaged and is a challenge that humans have already withstood successfully, on one hand at a lower incidence but on the other without the considerable clinical, technological and social advances that have been made in recent times.http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jah Journal of Aging and Health F o r P e e r R e v i e w An age old problem? Estimating the impact of dementia on past human populations IntroductionThe cumulative effects of advances in medicine, sanitation and diets seen in the developed world over the last two centuries are a well-rehearsed story. First infectious diseases that previously resulted in frequent and sustained high mortality rates were effectively eradicated, followed more recently by lifestyle changes which reduced the risks of the cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases that came in their wake. As a result affluent regions are now characterised by populations with growing susceptibility to chronic conditions associated with ageing. As a category of disease that is incurable and which commonly increases in incidence with advancing age dementia is just such a condition.

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“…Moreover, any evidence that an individual was cared for does not reveal the attitudes or rationale underlying this treatment (Finlay 1999;Tarlow 2000). There are further reports on individuals with physical impairment in recent Prehistory and even more in Classical Antiquity and Mediaeval times, and the diffi culty in all cases is to determine how they were considered in their societies (Buquet-Marcon et al 2009;Darton 2010;Dickel and Doran, 1989;Hawkey 1998;Lieverse et al 2008;Oxenham et al 2009;Pany and Tescher-Nicola 2007;Phillips and Sivilich 2006;Van der Sanden 1996). Palaeopathology studies can offer biological evidence of physical impairment but cannot provide direct evidence of disability, i.e., the relationship between impaired individuals and their societies (Shakespeare 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach to disability in a population from the Argar Culture

Roca¹,

Brobeil²,

Oumaoui³

et al. 2012

Trab. prehist.

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A new research field is being developed on disability in Archaeology and Physical Anthropology, which is investigated in this article in the context of the Argaric Culture. More than 200 skeletons, coming from sites in Granada province (Castellón Alto, Fuente Amarga, Cuesta del Negro, Terrera del Reloj and Cerro de la Encina), were studied, finding four with signs of physical impairment: one male and one female who must both have used a walking aid, and two males with shoulder dislocations. All four individuals were buried according to Argaric Culture rituals, beneath their dwellings, indicating that they were not socially rejected. Nevertheless, further insight into disability in this culture is hampered by the limited biological and archaeological data available.<br><br>La discapacidad, entendida como la consideración de una persona con invalidez por parte de su comunidad, constituye un nuevo campo de investigación en Ar queología y Antropología Física. Aquí se investiga este concepto en el marco de la cultura de El Argar. Se han estudiado más de 200 esqueletos procedentes de yacimientos de la provincia de Granada (Castellón Alto, Fuente Amarga, Cuesta del Negro, Terrera del Reloj y Cerro de la Encina) entre los cuales cuatro muestran señales de invalidez: un hombre y una mujer que debieron haber requerido ayuda para caminar y dos varones con luxaciones de hombro. Los cuatro individuos fueron enterrados según los rituales de la cultura argárica, bajo sus propias viviendas, lo que indica que no fueron rechazados socialmente. Sin embargo, no se puede profundizar sobre la concepción de la discapacidad en esta cultura puesto que los datos arqueológicos y biológicos son muy limitados

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Disability, compassion and the skeletal record: using musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) to construct an osteobiography from early New Mexico

Cited by 105 publications

References 17 publications

Understanding Entheses: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical and Anthropological Perspectives

Understanding Entheses: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical and Anthropological Perspectives

An Age Old Problem? Estimating the Impact of Dementia on Past Human Populations

Approach to disability in a population from the Argar Culture

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