The historical development of Muslim courts: the Kadhi, Mudir and Liwali courts and the Civil Procedure Code and Criminal Procedure Ordinance, c. 1963

Muslim Modernities: Interdisciplinary Insights Across Time and Space1

“…30 Thus, while Hurgonje recognized reticence towards the Dutch, he also noted that Acehnese religion did not automatically translate into anti-colonial militancy. However, while Hurgronje displayed considerable scholarly sophistication in his contemporaneous analysis, he also reverted to default Dutch stereotypes of Islamic intransigence when necessary.…”

“…This agreement was enshrined in the treaties and subsequent practices Britain negotiated with all these rulers. In these agreements, Britain's attitude 30 Thio, British Policy. to Islam in particular as a discrete sphere of social life followed the model it had already adopted elsewhere in its empire.…”

“…In Southeast Asia, these European and American rulers sometimes lauded strict religious observance. The good versus bad polarity, in essence, 30 Kloos, "Becoming Better Muslims," 76-77. 31 C. Snouck Hurgronje, The Achehnese, trans.…”

“…26 These legal codes were considered impor- Settlements. 30 British colonial authorities ultimately considered Islamic law, as codified in their legal compendia produced in India, more commonly known as Anglo-Mohamedan law, to be more relevant to the lives of Muslim subjects in the Straits Settlements than were the undang-undang. The exercise of power by several qād : īs within each settlement was construed as a problem by the petitioners, who believed that this might lead to highly disorganized records, if any at all.…”

“…Such a recurrence has specific implications. 30 It mirrors detachment, disassociation, and discontent. In other words, the recall of the disbelief of the "other" necessitates mukhālafa, i.e.…”