The Histopathology of Turkey "X" Disease in Great Britain

Wannop, C. C.

doi:10.2307/1587768

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…The presence of the fungus in the lungs and serosa might not have contributed significantly to the pathological changes in the liver, kidney, spleen and bursa since the fungus was not found in these organs. Bile duct hyperplasia has been described in turkey (Siller and Ostler, 1961;Wannop, 1961) and duckling mycotoxicosis (Asplin and Carnaghan, 1961). Similar to the observations of Asplin and Carnaghan (1961), the membranous glomerulitis described by Siller and Ostler (1961) in turkeys was not seen in this study in which the main kidney lesions was generalised pyknosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of an isolate ofaspergillus fla vusin chickens

Okoye

Okeke

1986

Avian Pathology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of an isolate ofaspergillus fla vusin chickens

Okoye

Okeke

1986

Avian Pathology

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“…The acute toxicity of dietary aflatoxin was discovered in 1960 when a then unknown disease, termed Turkey "X" Disease, caused the deaths of over 100,000 turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and other poultry in England [16,17]. Upon examination, the causative agent was identified as imported Brazilian peanut-meal contaminated with aflatoxins [16,18].…”

Section: Etiology Of Aflatoxicosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

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This review is a comprehensive introduction to the effects of poultry exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The relationship between AFB1 sensitivity and metabolism, major direct and indirect effects of AFB1, recent studies of gene expression and transcriptome responses to exposure, and mitigation strategies to reduce toxicity are discussed. Exposure to AFB1 primarily occurs by consumption of contaminated corn, grain or other feed components. Low levels of residual AFB1 in poultry feeds can cause reduction in growth, feed conversion, egg production, and compromised immune functions, resulting in significant economic costs to producers. Thus, AFB1 acts as a "force multiplier" synergizing the adverse effects of microbial pathogens and other agents, and factors detrimental to poultry health. Domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are one of the most sensitive animals known to AFB1 due, in large part, to a combination of efficient hepatic bioactivation by cytochromes P450 1A5 and 3A37, and deficient hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. Because of their sensitivity, turkeys are a good model to investigate chemopreventive treatments and feed additives for their ability to reduce AFB1 toxicity. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) of turkey poults (liver and spleen) has identified AFB1-induced gene expression changes in pathways of apoptosis, carcinogenesis, lipid regulation, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and antigen presentation. Current research focuses on further identifying the molecular mechanisms OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 743 underlying AFB1 toxicity with the goal of reducing aflatoxicosis and improving poultry health.

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“…Affected birds died with in a week or two and at the time of death frequency had opisthotonus characterized by arched neck, head down back and legs extended backwards (Hamilton et al, 1972). Along with decreased feed conversion and weight gain, reduced spontaneous activity, unsteady gait, recumbency, anemia and death (Siller and Ostler, 1961;Wannop, 1961;Giambrone et al, 1985 ;Richard et al, 1987). At necropsy, the body condition was generally good but there was generalized congestion and edema.…”

Section: Turkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total leucocytes are increased and differential leucocytic counts vary among studies with concurrent lymphopenia (Tung et al, 1975a;Lanza et al, 1980), monocytoses and heterophilia (Wannop, 1961). Aflatoxin is known to produce hemolytic anemia by decreasing the circulating mature erythrocytes.…”

Section: Hematological and Biochemical Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%