The Histochemistry of the Esterases of Rat Brain, With Special Reference to Those of the Hypothalamic Nuclei

Pepler, W. J.; Pearse, A. G. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1957.tb12072.x

Cited by 120 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The presence of cholinoceptive cells within the supraoptic J. J. DREIFUSS AND J. S. KELLY nucleus has also been inferred from the high levels within the nucleus of choline acetyltransferase (Feldberg & Vogt, 1948) and (acetyl) cholinesterase (Abrahams, Koelle & Smart, 1957;Pepler & Pearse, 1957).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The activity of identified supraoptic neurones and their response to acetylcholine applied by iontophoresis

Dreifuss¹,

Kelly²

1972

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. In urethane/pentobarbitone anaesthetized male rats, the hypothalamus and pituitary stalk were exposed by a transpharyngeal approach. Cells recorded with glass micro-electrodes from the ventral hypothalamus near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery were identified as supraoptic neurones only when their antidromic action potential evoked at constant latency by stimulation of the pituitary stalk was cancelled by collision with a spontaneously occurring action potential.2. More than 80 % of the identified cells were spontaneously active. The frequency of firing was often slow (under 1 Hz) and rather irregular. More than half the cells, however, had a more distinctive firing pattern which recurred every 1-3 min and consisted of a period of low or absent activity alternating with periods of quite marked discharge which occasionally exceeded 20 Hz. This periodicity was retained when the over-all activity was enhanced by an intracarotid injection of 0-2 ml. 5 % (w/v) NaCl.3. Of fifty-two cells tested, thirty-six were excited by acetylcholine applied by iontophoresis from a multibarrelled micropipette with average ejection currents of 35 + 5 nA (S.D. of thirty-six observations). Ten of these cells were also excited by nicotine applied with similar currents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The activity of identified supraoptic neurones and their response to acetylcholine applied by iontophoresis

Dreifuss¹,

Kelly²

1972

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The presence of cholinesterase in the hypothalamus of the rat [21,23] would probably cause a rapid inactivation of acetylcholine when injected intraventricularly [19]. In order to overcome this in activation, we injected carbachol, a cholinergic drug that is not attacked by cholinesterase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Lactating Rats After Injection of Carbachol into the Third Ventricle

Kuhn¹,

McCann²

1971

Neuroendocrinology

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Injection of carbachol into an indwelling third ventricular cannula evoked milk ejection in anesthetized lactating rats as measured by increased intraductile mammary pressure. There was no alteration in blood pressure. Similar doses were ineffective when injected systemically, either intravenously or into the carotid artery. Larger doses of carbachol given intravenously evoked milk ejection, probably via a direct effect on the mammary myoepithelium. The effect of intraventricular injection of carbachol was blocked by prior injection of atropine into the third ventricle. These results were interpreted to mean that a cholinergic synapse lies in the central pathways controlling oxytocin release. Intraventricular carbachol appeared to be less effective in evoking oxytocin release in hydrated rats. In the hydrated animals, intraventricular carbachol evoked an antidiuresis accompanied by increased concentrations of Na+ and K+, indicative of vasopressin release. Antidiuresis frequently occurred in the absence of milk ejection, which indicates that the threshold for vasopressin release to this stimulus is sometimes less than that for oxytocin release. An increase in excretion of sodium and an increase in the Na⁺/K⁺ excretion ratio also occurred after intraventricular carbachol, but were not mimicked by injection of vasopressin or oxytocin.

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“…Glial cells, and particularly the fibrous astrocytes, have been reported to contain a strong pseudocholinesterase (Koelle, 1954;Cavanagh, Thompson, and Webster, 1954), but Pepler and Pearse (1957) were unable to show this in human astrocytes or in astrocytomas. Both of the standard histochemical methods for acetylcholinesterases are sensitive, specific, and reliable, and their application to neuropathological problems has already produced useful results.…”

Section: General Enzyme Histochemistrymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The main exceptions to this rule concern the respiratory enzymes, but apparent exceptions may occur where an enzyme absent from the presumed parent cell is present in the cells of the tumour. The probable peptidase found in carcinoid tumours by Pearse and Pepler (1957) falls into this category.…”

Section: General Enzyme Histochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Histochemistry of the Esterases of Rat Brain, With Special Reference to Those of the Hypothalamic Nuclei

Cited by 120 publications

References 20 publications

The activity of identified supraoptic neurones and their response to acetylcholine applied by iontophoresis

The activity of identified supraoptic neurones and their response to acetylcholine applied by iontophoresis

Release of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Lactating Rats After Injection of Carbachol into the Third Ventricle

Extension of the Limits of Cellular Pathology: The Role of Enzyme Histochemistry

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