The Histochemical Detection of Zinc

Mager, Milton; McNary, William F.; Lionetti, Fabian J.

doi:10.1177/1.6.493

Cited by 90 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Dithizone Staining-Zn 2ϩ bound to protein immobilized on a PVDF membrane was following renaturation detected with dithizone (0.5 mg/ml) as described (44).…”

Section: Casknekgkevvaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Zinc/Cadmium Sensor and Zinc/Cadmium Export Regulator in a Heavy Metal Pump

Bækgaard

Mikkelsen

Sørensen

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Heavy metal pumps (P1B-ATPases) are important for cellular heavy metal homeostasis. AtHMA4, an Arabidopsis thaliana heavy metal pump of importance for plant Zn 2؉ nutrition, has an extended C-terminal domain containing 13 cysteine pairs and a terminal stretch of 11 histidines. Using a novel size-exclusion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry approach we report that the C-terminal domain of AtHMA4 is a high affinity Zn 2؉ P1B-type ATPases form a subfamily of P-type ATPases and pump metal ions across biological membranes (1-4). These pumps maintain metal homeostasis in all domains of life (5-8).Humans have only two P1B-ATPases, namely ATP7A and ATP7B, both of which transport Cu ϩ , and cause Menke and Wilson diseases, respectively, when mutated (8). In contrast, in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana eight P1B-ATPase genes (heavy metal ATPases 1-8 (HMA1-HMA8)3 ) are present (9, 10). Monovalent metal ions, such as Cu ϩ and Ag ϩ , are transported by HMA5-HMA8, which belong to the subclass P1B1, whereas divalent metal ions, such as Zn 2ϩ and Cd 2ϩ , are transported by HMA2-HMA4 belonging to the P1B2 subgroup that is related to prokaryotic divalent heavy metal pumps (4, 11).In A. thaliana, HMA2 and HMA4 are closely related in primary sequence and might have evolved as a result of gene duplication (10). In the physiology of A. thaliana, these two pumps are redundant in several functions (12, 13). Both genes are expressed in roots in the pericycle cells surrounding the xylem, a vascular tissue specialized in transport of inorganic nutrients and water to the shoot. Single knock-out mutants of AtHMA2 and AtHMA4 have weak phenotypes, whereas a double hma2 hma4 mutant accumulates zinc in root pericycle cells, which causes shoots to suffer from zinc deficiency. This strongly suggests that AtHMA2 and AtHMA4 are responsible for catalyzing zinc efflux from pericycle cells, thereby loading the xylem with zinc (12-13). In the zinc hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri the gene encoding HMA4 has been copied three times (14). This, together with increased promoter strength, results in an increased capacity of this metallophyte to accumulate zinc in shoots (14).P1B-ATPases have six to eight transmembrane segments responsible for metal ion coordination during transport, a large cytosolic portion divided into three catalytic domains (A, P, and N), and two terminal domains that contain metal-coordinating residues (the N terminus and the C terminus). The N-terminal domains of P1B-ATPases are not essential for the transport mechanism but play important roles in their post-translational regulation. In bacterial P1B-ATPases the N-terminal domains are characterized by Cys-X-X-Cys sequences (4,7,8,15). The Cys residues are responsible for metal coordination and can be involved in binding both monovalent (Ag ϩ and Cu ϩ ) and divalent metal cations (Cu 2ϩ , Cd 2ϩ , and Zn 2ϩ ) (16 -21). In plant Zn 2ϩ -ATPases the Cys-X-X-Cys conserved sequence is replaced by a Cys-Cys-X-X-Glu motif (9,12,22,23). Truncation of P1B-ATP...

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“…Dithizone Staining-Zn 2ϩ bound to protein immobilized on a PVDF membrane was following renaturation detected with dithizone (0.5 mg/ml) as described (44).…”

Section: Casknekgkevvaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Zinc/Cadmium Sensor and Zinc/Cadmium Export Regulator in a Heavy Metal Pump

Bækgaard

Mikkelsen

Sørensen

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…They also described a rise in leukocyte zinc towards normal when subjects with chronic granulocytic leukemia responded to therapy. We have reported on the decreased amount of zinc in leukocytes of patients with hepatic cirrhosis (9), and high zinc levels in eosinophils have been described (10,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of Human Blood Cell Zinc in Disease*

Fredricks¹,

Tanaka²,

Valentine³

1964

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…They found great variations in concentration of the metal, as much as 18-fold, for different portions of the gland. On the other hand, Mager, McNary and Lionetti (1953), using histochemical methods, could not detect differences in zinc content between the anterior and posterior lobes of the human, canine and simian prostates. In the rat, Gunn et al (1955) found that the dorsolateral prostate concentrates about 20 times as much 65Zn as the ventral portion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The localization of 65Zn by the border epithelium is in accord with the radioautograph published by Daniel et al (1956) for human prostate and with those presented by Wetterdal (1958) and Millar, Vincenlt and Mawson (1961) for the dorsolateral prostate of the rat. Using the dithizone stain, Mager et al (1953) studied the prostates of the dog, man, monkey and rabbit, reporting that the apical portions of the secretory cells were most intensely stained. They found that the associated connective and muscle tissues did not contain zinc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of 65Zn in the Prostate and other Organs of Man

Graig¹,

Crystal²,

Siegel³

1961

Br J Cancer

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ALTHOUGH there are many biological studies dealing with zinc, little quantiative data have appeared regarding the concentration and turnover of this metal, especially for man. Interest in zinc metabolism has been stimulated-by the accumulating evidence which indicates that this metal is a constituent of several enzymes (Fischer, Tikkala and Mawson, 1955;Vallee, 1955) and is associated, also, with some pathological states (Daniel et al., 1956;Prout, Sierp and Whitmore, 1959; Herring et al., 1961;Fredricks, Tanaka and Valentine, 1960). Our concern with the element stems from reports of the high concentration of zinc found in the prostate gland both in animals (Gunn et al., 1955) and man (Mawson and Fischer, 1 952).While its biological significance is established, the physiological role of zinc remains to be elucidated. Important contributions to our understanding of the part played by the element should result from investigations which employ 65Zn. Precise data are not yet available as to the fraction of the administered radioisotope which is taken up by the various organs. Quantitative concentration data are unavailable for the prostate; moreover, the particular sites and structures of the gland associated with 65Zn uptake have not been identified.Following our earlier study of the distribution of 65Zn in blood and its excretion in man (Graig and Siegel, 1960), the present investigation was undertaken to learn more about the concentration of the radioisotope by several organs with special attention to the prostate. For the latter, it was also sought to ascertain which glandular components are implicated in the accumulation of 65Zn. MATERIALS AND METHODSAutopsy studies. Fourteen pre-terminal patients having various malignancies were given approximately 100 ,uc 65Zn (specific activity greater than 75 mc/g.) as the chloride. The radioisotope was administered as an intravenous infusion in a 250 ml. volume of isotonic solution. At autopsy, which occurred between 1 and 174 days after the infusion, portions of the following organs were obtained, whenever possible, for digestion and the assay of 65Zn: liver, pancreas, spleen, prostate, seminal vesicles, lung, bladder and skeletal muscle.Studies on prostatic surgical specimens. Tracer doses of 65Zn (approximately 50 ,uc) were administered in the manner described above to 36 patients presumed to have diseased prostates and awaiting surgery. A sample of each surgical

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The Histochemical Detection of Zinc

Abstract: The presence of zinc in small coimcemmtrations in most plant and animal tissues has i)een demoimstrated in numerous iimstances, but its physiological function is * This investigation was supported in part h)y a research grant

Cited by 90 publications

References 9 publications

A Combined Zinc/Cadmium Sensor and Zinc/Cadmium Export Regulator in a Heavy Metal Pump

A Combined Zinc/Cadmium Sensor and Zinc/Cadmium Export Regulator in a Heavy Metal Pump

Variations of Human Blood Cell Zinc in Disease*

Distribution of 65Zn in the Prostate and other Organs of Man

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