The Himalayan Mianning–Dechang REE belt associated with carbonatite–alkaline complexes, eastern Indo-Asian collision zone, SW China

Hou, Zhenshan; Tian, Senlin; Xie, Yuling; Yang, Zhen; Zhong, Yuan; Yin, Shuping; Yi, Liang; Fei, Hongcai; Zou, Tianren; Gao, Bai; Li, Xiaoyü

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2009.03.001

Cited by 101 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Similar features have been recognised in the Cenozoic Mianning-Dechang REE belt in the Sichuan province of China (Hou et al 2009). This belt of syenite-carbonatite igneous complexes, intruded into a Cenozoic collisional zone, is associated with several REE deposits including the giant Maoniuping deposit (Hou et al 2006(Hou et al , 2009Xu et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…This belt of syenite-carbonatite igneous complexes, intruded into a Cenozoic collisional zone, is associated with several REE deposits including the giant Maoniuping deposit (Hou et al 2006(Hou et al , 2009Xu et al 2008). The syenite and associated carbonatite intrusions in this area have high Ba, Sr and LREE contents, but are low in the HFSE and are isotopically enriched (low e Nd , high 87 Sr/ 86 Sr).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Enrichment of Rare Earth Elements during magmatic and post-magmatic processes: a case study from the Loch Loyal Syenite Complex, northern Scotland

Walters

Goodenough

Hughes

et al. 2013

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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Concern about security of supply of critical elements used in new technologies, such as the Rare Earth Elements (REE), means that it is increasingly important to understand the processes by which they are enriched in crustal settings. High REE contents are found in syenitedominated alkaline complexes intruded along the Moine Thrust Zone, a major collisional zone in north-west Scotland. The most northerly of these is the Loch Loyal Syenite Complex, which comprises three separate intrusions. One of these, the Cnoc nan Cuilean intrusion, contains two mappable zones: a Mixed Syenite Zone in which mafic melasyenite is mixed and mingled with leucosyenite and a Massive Leucosyenite Zone. Within the Mixed Syenite Zone, hydrothermal activity is evident in the form of narrow altered veins dominated by biotite and magnetite; these are poorly exposed and their lateral extent is uncertain. The REE mineral allanite is relatively abundant in the melasyenite and is extremely enriched in the biotite-magnetite veins, which have up to 2 % total rare earth oxides in bulk rock analyses. An overall model for development of this intrusion can be divided into three episodes: (1) generation of a Light Rare Earth Element (LREE)-enriched parental magma due to enrichment of the mantle source by subduction of pelagic carbonates; (2) early crystallisation of allanite in melasyenite, due to the saturation of the magma in the LREE; and (3) hydrothermal alteration, in three different episodes identified by petrography and mineral chemistry, generating the intense enrichment of REE in the biotite-magnetite veins. Dating of allanite and titanite in the biotite-magnetite veins gives ages of c. 426 Ma, overlapping with previously published crystallisation ages for zircon in the syenite.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Enrichment of Rare Earth Elements during magmatic and post-magmatic processes: a case study from the Loch Loyal Syenite Complex, northern Scotland

Walters

Goodenough

Hughes

et al. 2013

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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“…The Yanshanian Mianning granite and Himalayan alkaline syenite-carbonatite complex are emplaced within these sedimentary sequences. The orebodies are composed of small lenses and veins, 30-100 m length and 2-12 m thick (Hou et al, 2009), and intrude both syenite and carbonatite. On the basis of their texture and structure, four types of ores can be recognized: brown disseminated, yellow banded, stockwork and black powder-like (Hou et al, 2009).…”

Section: Lizhuangmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of fluorite geochemistry from REE deposits in the Panxi region and Bayan Obo, China

Taylor

et al. 2012

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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“…Quartz-hosted fluid inclusions are generally used within mineralized carbonatites and peralkaline igneous complexes to determine the salinity, metal concentrations, and temperature of such ore-forming fluids [4,16,[21][22][23][24][25][26]. Another approach that can be used to understand the evolution of fluids in REE mineral deposits is the study of fluid-mineral trace element partitioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Earth Elements in Mineral Deposits: Speciation in Hydrothermal Fluids and Partitioning in Calcite

Perry

Gysi

2018

Geofluids

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is properly cited.Studying the speciation and mineral-fluid partitioning of the rare earth elements (REE) allows us to delineate the key processes responsible for the formation of economic REE mineral deposits in natural systems. Hydrothermal REE-bearing calcite is typically hosted in carbonatites and alkaline rocks, such as the giant Bayan Obo REE deposit in China and potential REE deposits such as Bear Lodge, WY. The compositions of these hydrothermal veins yield valuable information regarding pressure ( ), temperature ( ), salinity, and other physicochemical conditions under which the REE can be fractionated and concentrated in crustal fluids. This study presents numerical simulation results of the speciation of REE in aqueous NaCl-H 2 O-CO 2 -bearing hydrothermal fluids and a new partitioning model between calcite and fluids at different --conditions. Results show that, in a high CO 2 and low salinity system, bicarbonate/carbonate are the main transporting ligands for the REE, but predominance shifts to chloride complexes in systems with high CO 2 and high salinity. Hydroxyl REE complexes may be important for the solubility and transport of the REE in alkaline fluids. These numerical predictions allow us to make quantitative interpretations of hydrothermal processes in REE mineral deposits, particularly in carbonatites, and show where future experimental work will be essential in improving our modeling capabilities for these ore-forming processes.

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The Himalayan Mianning–Dechang REE belt associated with carbonatite–alkaline complexes, eastern Indo-Asian collision zone, SW China

Cited by 101 publications

References 57 publications

Enrichment of Rare Earth Elements during magmatic and post-magmatic processes: a case study from the Loch Loyal Syenite Complex, northern Scotland

Enrichment of Rare Earth Elements during magmatic and post-magmatic processes: a case study from the Loch Loyal Syenite Complex, northern Scotland

Comparison of fluorite geochemistry from REE deposits in the Panxi region and Bayan Obo, China

Rare Earth Elements in Mineral Deposits: Speciation in Hydrothermal Fluids and Partitioning in Calcite

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