2005
DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.049312
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The High-Resolution Architecture and Structural Dynamics of Bacillus Spores

Abstract: The capability to image single microbial cell surfaces at nanometer scale under native conditions would profoundly impact mechanistic and structural studies of pathogenesis, immunobiology, environmental resistance, and biotransformation. Here, using in vitro atomic force microscopy, we have directly visualized high-resolution native structures of bacterial endospores, including the exosporium and spore coats of four Bacillus species in air and water environments. Our results demonstrate that the mechanisms of … Show more

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Cited by 107 publications
(192 citation statements)
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“…(10,13) Its average aerodynamic diameter has been reported to be approximately 1.0-1.2 µm with a fairly broad size distribution (0.5-1.5 µm) that may evolve over time, possibly due to experimental and biological variability. (14) Spores are approximately 0.7 µm in diameter and 1.8 µm in length in the dried state, (15) with an average aerodynamic diameter reported to range from approximately 0.8-1.1 µm. (14,16,17) B. atrophaeus endospores (ATCC #9372) were obtained from Raven Labs (Omaha, Neb.)…”
Section: B Atrophaeus Bacteriamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(10,13) Its average aerodynamic diameter has been reported to be approximately 1.0-1.2 µm with a fairly broad size distribution (0.5-1.5 µm) that may evolve over time, possibly due to experimental and biological variability. (14) Spores are approximately 0.7 µm in diameter and 1.8 µm in length in the dried state, (15) with an average aerodynamic diameter reported to range from approximately 0.8-1.1 µm. (14,16,17) B. atrophaeus endospores (ATCC #9372) were obtained from Raven Labs (Omaha, Neb.)…”
Section: B Atrophaeus Bacteriamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An explanation for this variation may be the amount of water remaining in the spore during preparation [20,21]. Additionally, the method used to determine spore dimensions would impact measurements.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Scanning electron microscopy has been used [23, this study] and Carrera [11] used transmission electron microscopy. The measurements made by Plomp [21], resulting in the largest reported spore sizes, were based on atomic force microscopy. Spore dimensions for B. atrophaeus in this study (1.31 × 0.75 μm) are in agreement with other reports [11,22] (1.22 × 0.65 μm and 1.21 × 0.68 μm, respectively).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The spores obtained from SSF showed growth characteristics as biofilm formation. Nagel et al (2002) cited by Plomp et al (2005) stated that: "Although very little is known about the mechanistic basis of differences observed is well known that gene expression in SSF may be different from that in other kind of fermentation". A new category of SSF was proposed by Gutierrez-Correa and Villena (2003): fermentation by the accession to the surface or fermented by biofilm.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%