The High Potential for Waste Heat Recovery in Hybrid Vehicles: A Comparison Between the Potential in Conventional and Hybrid Powertrains

Kober, Martin

doi:10.1007/s11664-020-07991-5

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Due to the lower ICE wall heat flows in the hybrid vehicle, as also described in Ref. 16, there are less heat flows into the cooling system. Therefore, the recovery of heat from the exhaust gas has a higher effect for shortening the warm-up phase.…”

Section: Results Achieved For the Two Reference Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Reference vehicles at the roller dynamometer test bench. 16 of this exhaust gas is even higher than in the conventional vehicles. In addition, the comparison points that waste heat and exergy in the exhaust gas are higher in hybrid vehicles, despite the fact that the ICE has a higher efficiency.…”

Section: Production Of Tem (Industrial)mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…A detailed comparison of the potential for waste heat recovery in both drive trains is presented in Ref. 16. The result of the comparison show that in hybrid vehicles a higher share of the energy supplied by the fuel is lost in the exhaust gas.…”

Section: Reference Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holistic Development of Thermoelectric Generators for Automotive Applications

Kober

2020

Journal of Elec Materi

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One of the major challenges of the future automotive development is to achieve the required reductions of the CO 2 emissions. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate all potential technologies for efficiency improvement. In a combustion engine, about 2/3 of the chemical energy of the fuel is dissipated as waste heat. Due to its high temperature level, the waste heat in the exhaust gas is very promising for the technology of thermoelectric generators (TEG). In this work the methodology for a holistic TEG optimization for automotive vehicle applications will be presented. Thereby, all system interactions between the vehicle and the TEG are modelled and the CO 2 reduction can be optimized within the vehicle system. Moreover the costs are calculated for each TEG design, and the method realizes an optimization of the cost-benefit ratio in a direct way. The optimization method is applied with a highly integrated TEG design, which has been developed to be compact and lightweight. Through the combination of improvements in TEG design and system optimization, a gravimetric power density of 267 W/kg and a volumetric power density of 478 W/dm^3 could be achieved. These power densities are about 900% and 700%, respectively, higher than the state of the art. The optimization method was applied exemplarily to a conventional vehicle (Volkswagen Golf VII) and a hybrid vehicle (Opel Ampera/Chevrolet Volt). As a result, reductions in consumption and CO 2 emissions of up to 2.2% for the conventional and 3.4% for the hybrid vehicle could be achieved within the worldwide harmonized light duty driving test cycle. The cost-benefit optimum is 81.3 €/ (g/km) for the conventional vehicle and 54.8 €/(g/km) for the hybrid vehicle in charge sustaining mode.

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Section: Results Achieved For the Two Reference Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Production Of Tem (Industrial)mentioning

confidence: 82%

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Holistic Development of Thermoelectric Generators for Automotive Applications

Kober

2020

Journal of Elec Materi

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“…Kober et al [12] used the World Light Vehicle Test Program (WLTP) cycle, finding that hybrid vehicles have the greatest potential for waste heat recovery. Kober M. [13] demonstrated that the higher the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, the higher the energy in the exhaust gas of the Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEVs), and the higher the efficiency of power generation. Ezzitouni S. et al [14] proposed a model to predict the power generation efficiency of automotive thermoelectric generators at different operating points.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Thermoelectric Power Generation Sheets for Waste-Heat Recovery from the Ship’s Exhaust Gas

Liu

Zhao

Guo

et al. 2022

JMSE

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In order to investigate the effect of different influencing factors on the application of temperature differential power generation in the ship exhaust gas and to explore the potential of waste heat recovery and the utilization of exhaust gas during ship travel, an experimental system based on the temperature differential power generation of ship exhaust gas in the marine environment was established. The maximum output power and the maximum efficiency of each temperature-difference power generation module were theoretically calculated. The results showed that the insulation material and the salt water (seawater) had little effect on the efficiency of the temperature differential power generation modules. Conversely, the installation pressure, the heat transfer oil, the cooling water temperature (seawater temperature), and the heat source temperature (exhaust gas pipe temperature) had a great influence on the open-circuit voltage and the maximum output power. The thermally conductive silicone grease and the cooling water temperature of 10 °C increased the open-circuit voltage by 31.54% and 18.95%, respectively, and increased the maximum output power by 82.05% and 51.79%, respectively. The maximum output of a single temperature differential power generator reached 63.5% when using an installation pressure of 3 bar, a cooling water temperature of 20 °C, double-layer aluminum insulation, and thermally conductive silicone grease. Finally, this study provides relevant data support for using temperature differential power generation devices for ship exhaust gas.

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“…Direct heat recovery seems a technology more easily to be implemented, with similar benefits [18,19]. Also the coolant energy can be exploited for low grade thermal recovery [20,21] and this integration can have additional benefits also in electrified powertrains and hybrid vehicles [22,23]. Other opportunities to integrated thermal management are referred to the cooling of the intake air of the engine, by means of water charge air cooler or chiller-based system, in order to increase engine volumetric efficiency [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical analyses to improve the design of engine coolant pumps

et al. 2020

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In this paper, an experimentally based procedure is presented to re-orient the design point of the pump in order to minimize the energy absorbed during the homologation cycle or during any real driving one. During it, in fact, every benefit on the pump’s efficiency is appreciated and produces fuel consumption and CO2 reduction. The procedure takes the advantage from a dynamic test bench for coolant pump, realized and engineered at University of L’Aquila. It has been linked to a model-based methodology, which evaluates, according to a specified vehicle’s mission profile, the speed and load variation of the engine propelling the vehicle, and, therefore, the pump speed. The knowledge of the engine cooling circuit for closed and fully opened thermostat allows the calculation of the flow rates and pressure delivered in each time instant of the drive cycle. The speed-flow rate-pressure delivered pump profile has been reproduced on the bench, and all the relevant quantities have been measured: an exact evaluation of the scatter of the efficiency of the pump, the instantaneous power and the overall energy absorbed have been obtained. Results show how the pump efficiency is far from its Best Efficiency Point. This conclusion invited the Authors to reorient the design pump considering an operating condition, which has a greater occurrence among all the operating points characteristic of a drive cycle. Four pumps have been designed following this approach, showing a sensible reduction of the energy absorbed: this represents a key point also for pump electrification.

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The High Potential for Waste Heat Recovery in Hybrid Vehicles: A Comparison Between the Potential in Conventional and Hybrid Powertrains

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Holistic Development of Thermoelectric Generators for Automotive Applications

Holistic Development of Thermoelectric Generators for Automotive Applications

Primary Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Thermoelectric Power Generation Sheets for Waste-Heat Recovery from the Ship’s Exhaust Gas

Experimental and numerical analyses to improve the design of engine coolant pumps

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