The High Incidence of Hypertension in Toxic Goiter and in Myxedema*

Thompson, Willard O.; Dickie, Lois F. N.; Morris, Albert E.; Hilkevitch, B. H.

doi:10.1210/endo-15-4-265

Cited by 37 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Our findings are in concordance with previous work studying non-referred individuals 13,14 but contrast with reports from specialty clinics. [2][3][4][5][6] In our earlier cross-sectional study of post-menopausal women at a primary care office no association between hypothyroidism and hypertension was detected. 14 The second negative study was community-based and compared 81 hypothyroid women to 73 euthyroid women drawn from the surrounding community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Several researchers have reported finding an association between hypothyroidism and hypertension, but these reports are largely based on referred middle-aged subjects. [2][3][4][5][6][7] While hypothyroidism is identified as a cause of diastolic hypertension in many medical textbooks [8][9][10][11] and in review articles 1,12 research based on non-referred subjects is contradictory about the association. [13][14][15] Hypothyroidism and diastolic hypertension are both common and have prevalences which increase with age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The lack of association between hypertension and hypothyroidism in a primary care setting

Bergus

Barton

et al. 1999

J Hum Hypertens

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This work examines the association between hypertension and hypothyroidism in geriatric patients seen at a primary care medical office. One hundred and twentytwo geriatric patients with elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were selected for the study. An equal number of euthyroid geriatric individuals were selected from the same clinic for comparison. We found no differences in mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the euthyroid and hypothyroid groups (80.1 mm Hg vs 78.9 mm Hg, P = 0.25). Additionally, there was no significant association between having hypertension

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lack of association between hypertension and hypothyroidism in a primary care setting

Bergus

Barton

et al. 1999

J Hum Hypertens

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“…The reported prevalence of hypertension in the hypothyroid population varies widely, and the converse, the prevalence of overt hypothyroidism in the hypertensive population, might be increased by 30% to 50% compared with the general population [3,62]. Review of the current published data suggests that the prevalence of hypertension in hypothyroidism is 22% (Table 3) [60,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68].…”

Section: Hypothyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormone and blood pressure regulation

Danzi

Klein

2003

Current Science Inc

195

122

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Thyroid hormone has well-recognized effects on the cardiovascular system and blood pressure regulation. Blood pressure is altered across the entire spectrum of thyroid disease. The effects of hyperthyroidism include increased cardiac output, contractility, tachycardia, widened pulse pressure, decreased systemic vascular resistance, and increased basal metabolic rate. The manifestations of hypothyroidism are in marked contrast to those of hyperthyroidism and include decreased cardiac output, narrow pulse pressure, increased systemic vascular resistance, and decreased metabolic rate. Although thyroid hormone affects almost all tissues of the body and mediates changes in homeostasis, adaptations of the cardiovascular system can result in changes in blood pressure to accommodate the new demands on the system. In this paper, we review the direct and indirect thyroid hormone-mediated effects on blood pressure.

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“…An increase in systolic blood pressure is a well recognized feature of hyperthyroidism (Lawrence, 1928;Thompson et al, 1931;Hurxthal, 1931). The increase may (Bisgard, 1939;Hamet, 1983) or may not (Davis & Davis, 1974) be age-related.…”

Section: Hyperthyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones and Hypertension

Fraser

Davies

Connell

1989

Clinical Endocrinology

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The importance of changes in hormone secretion in human hypertension is a complex problem and too large to be dealt with in uniform detail in a short review. The subject encompasses not only the effects on blood pressure of primary endocrine disorders but also hormonal changes secondary to increased blood pressure. Some aspects are more fully understood than others and have been the subjects of relatively recent detailed reviews. Where this is the case, the current review has summarized the present position and cited reviews and key papers, in order to reserve space for more controversial and less well understood conditions such as the hypertension of growth hormone, thyroid hormone or glucocorticoid excess. CORTICOSTEROIDSThe human adrenal cortex synthesizes and secretes a large number of steroid hormones, biosynthetically interrelated with each other and with qualitatively and quantitatively different biological activities. The two major categories of compound are the adrenal androgens (androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone) which, as far as is known, are not important in blood pressure control and will not be considered further (although there exist experimental models of hypertension which may be androgendependent), and the corticosteroids. These C21 steroids of the pregnane series exert two main types of action, mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid effects, and excess secretion of either has widespread repercussions, particularly for neuromuscular function and the control of salt and water metabolism. Mineralocorticoids act mainly on the distal nephron via specific receptor activation to promote sodium reabsorption (with associated changes in extracellular fluid and plasma volume) and increased potassium and proton excretion, so that excess activity is characterized by hypokalaemia and a metabolic alkalosis. Aldosterone is the major mineralocorticoid in man but deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and corticosterone also have significant activity. More recently discovered compounds-18-hydroxy DOC, 18-oxocortisol and several compounds modified at position 19 (19-hydroxy or 19-nor)-may also contribute to the total mineralocorticoid action of the adrenocortical secretion (see review by Fraser & Padfield, 1985). Cortisol is the major human glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoids promote liver glycogen and protein synthesis but are catabolic in most other tissues, increasing lipolysis and protein R. Fraser et al.breakdown and reducing glucose uptake from the circulation. However, the kidney also possesses specific glucocorticoid receptors and, under experimental conditions, glucocorticoids can be shown to promote both natriuresis and kaliuresis, at least partly by raising glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and also to modulate Na+-H+ exchange in the proximal nephron (Davis & Howell, 1953;Mahnensmith & Aronson, 1985; Kinsella et al., 1985). Excess of either mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid activity is associated with hypertension.The control of adrenocortical function is similarly complex and the subject of sev...

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The High Incidence of Hypertension in Toxic Goiter and in Myxedema*

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

The lack of association between hypertension and hypothyroidism in a primary care setting

The lack of association between hypertension and hypothyroidism in a primary care setting

Thyroid hormone and blood pressure regulation

Hormones and Hypertension

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