The Higgs boson implications and prospects for future discoveries

Bass, Steven D.; Roeck, A. De; Kado, M.

doi:10.1038/s42254-021-00341-2

“…The usual claim that the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism of mass generation for elementary particles [1][2][3] has been experimentally confirmed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) thanks to the Higgs boson discovery [4,5], and subsequent studies of its properties [6,7], is only valid so far for the heaviest Standard Model (SM) particles: W and Z weak bosons, and quarks and leptons of the third family (t, b and τ ). Today, not only the generation of all neutrino masses remains a mystery [8], but at the end of the LHC lifetime only a fraction of the Higgs Yukawa couplings to the second-family fermions (the muon and, maybe, the charm quark) will have been probed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the electron Yukawa coupling via resonant s-channel Higgs production at FCC-ee

d’Enterria

¹

,

Poldaru

²

,

Wojcik

³

2022

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The Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) offers the unique opportunity of studying the Higgs Yukawa coupling to the electron, $$y_\mathrm {e}$$ y e , via resonant s-channel production, $$\mathrm {e^+e^-}\rightarrow \mathrm {H}$$ e + e - → H , in a dedicated run at $$\sqrt{s} = m_\mathrm {H}$$ s = m H . The signature for direct Higgs production is a small rise in the cross sections for particular final states, consistent with Higgs decays, over the expectations for their occurrence due to Standard Model (SM) background processes involving $$\mathrm {Z}^*$$ Z ∗ , $$\gamma ^*$$ γ ∗ , or t-channel exchanges alone. Performing such a measurement is remarkably challenging for four main reasons. First, the low value of the e$$^\pm $$ ± mass leads to a tiny $$y_\mathrm {e}$$ y e coupling and correspondingly small cross section: $$\sigma _\mathrm {ee\rightarrow H} \propto m_\mathrm {e}^2 = 0.57$$ σ ee → H ∝ m e 2 = 0.57 fb accounting for initial-state $$\gamma $$ γ radiation. Second, the $$\mathrm {e^+e^-}$$ e + e - beams must be monochromatized such that the spread of their centre-of-mass (c.m.) energy is commensurate with the narrow width of the SM Higgs boson, $$\varGamma _\mathrm {H} = 4.1$$ Γ H = 4.1 MeV, while keeping large beam luminosities. Third, the Higgs mass must also be known beforehand with a few-MeV accuracy in order to operate the collider at the resonance peak, $$\sqrt{s} = m_\mathrm {H}$$ s = m H . Last but not least, the cross sections of the background processes are many orders-of-magnitude larger than those of the Higgs decay signals. A preliminary generator-level study of 11 Higgs decay channels using a multivariate analysis, which exploits boosted decision trees to discriminate signal and background events, identifies two final states as the most promising ones in terms of statistical significance: $$\mathrm {H}\rightarrow gg$$ H → g g and $$\mathrm {H}\rightarrow \mathrm {W}\mathrm {W}^*\!\rightarrow \ell \nu $$ H → W W ∗ → ℓ ν + 2 jets. For a benchmark monochromatization with 4.1-MeV c.m. energy spread (leading to $$\sigma _\mathrm {ee\rightarrow H} = 0.28$$ σ ee → H = 0.28 fb) and 10 ab$$^{-1}$$ - 1 of integrated luminosity, a $$1.3\sigma $$ 1.3 σ signal significance can be reached, corresponding to an upper limit on the e$$^\pm $$ ± Yukawa coupling at 1.6 times the SM value: $$|y_\mathrm {e}|<1.6|y^\mathrm {\textsc {sm}}_\mathrm {e}|$$ | y e | < 1.6 | y e S M | at 95% confidence level, per FCC-ee interaction point per year. Directions for future improvements of the study are outlined.

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“…A detailed graphical analysis for the above mentioned examples are shown in Figs. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and the input values required for this purpose are illustrated in Table XV.…”

Section: Formalism and Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Standard Model (SM) [1][2][3] of particle physics framed in the light of of SU (3) c ⊗ SU (2) L ⊗ U (1) Y , is a renormalizable quantum field theory which depicts successfully the properties of the fundamental particles and their interactions. It incorporates the Higgs Mechanism [4][5][6] which is responsible for the masses of all the fundamental particles and the gauge bosons participating in the weak interaction. The Lagrangian of the theory involves one particular term named as Yukawa term which after Higgs mechanism, yields the masses of the fundamental fermions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constrained Neutrino Mass Matrix and Majorana Phases

Pralay¹,

Dey²,

Roy³

2022

Preprint

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We endeavour to constrain the neutrino mass matrix on phenomenological ground and procure simple model independent textures of the latter predicting the two Majorana phases. In this regard, two types of parametrization of neutrino mass matrix: general and exponential are employed. We obtain forty seven predictive neutrino mass matrix textures, out of which twenty five are associated with the general parametrization, and the rest belong to the exponential one. Apart from Type-A/P textures, the rest deal with the prediction of a few other oscillation parameters as well.

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“…Antimatter existence is observed in Stern-Gerlach experiment and positron from cosmic rays. While the relativistic rest mass is easy to grasp, how fermions acquire mass other than Higgs field remains yet to be solved at a satisfactory level [6]. But perhaps, the most intriguing dilemma is offered by the magnetic spin ±1/2 of the electron and how this translates to a Dirac fermion of a fourcomponent spinor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dirac Fermion of a Monopole Pair (MP) Model

Yuguru¹

2022

Preprint

0

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The electron of magnetic spin −1/2 is a Dirac fermion of a four-component spinor field. Though this is effectively addressed by relativistic quantum field theory, an intuitive form of the fermion still remains lacking. In this novel undertaking, the fermion is examined within the boundary posed by a recently proposed MP model of a hydrogen atom into 4D space-time. Such unorthodox process somehow is able to remarkably unveil the four-component spinor of non-abelian in both Euclidean and Minkowski space-times. Supplemented by several postulates, the relativistic and non-relativistic applications of the magnetic spin property are explored from an alternative perspective. The outcomes have important implications towards an alternative interpretation of quantum electrodynamics a probable quantum universe, where quantum mechanics and general relativity are expected to merge. Such findings could pave the paths for future pursuits of physics beyond the Standard Model and they warrant further investigations.

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The Higgs boson implications and prospects for future discoveries

Abstract: The Bose−Einstein condensate of Higgs bosons, which forms in the vacuum.

Cited by 25 publications

References 196 publications

Measuring the electron Yukawa coupling via resonant s-channel Higgs production at FCC-ee

Measuring the electron Yukawa coupling via resonant s-channel Higgs production at FCC-ee

Constrained Neutrino Mass Matrix and Majorana Phases

The Dirac Fermion of a Monopole Pair (MP) Model

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