The Heat Transfer Mechanism and Fire Insulation Properties of Some Intumescent Materials

Zverev, V. G.; Isakov, G. N.; Nesmelov, V. V.; Nazarenko, V. A.

doi:10.1080/00914039308048503

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Some understanding of the mechanisms leading to thermal protection has been obtained using one-dimensional models that treat the swelling polymeric material as a single layer with timevarying effective physical parameters [3,4] or as a set of layers consisting of virgin polymer and char separated by a thin pyrolysis zone [5,6,7]. These models have identified two mechanisms responsible for slowing the transport of heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional Modeling Of Intumescent Behavior In Fires

Butler¹,

Baum²,

Kashiwagi³

1997

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 5th International Symp

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A method of studying the swelling and thermal behavior of intumescent materials using understanding of the basic physical and chemical processes is described. The material is treated as a highly viscous fluid with properties dependent on temperature. The growth rate, migration, and thermal effects of a large number of bubbles are individually calculated using approximate analytical solutions to mass, momentum, and energy equations, and the collective behavior is obtained as a summation of the individual velocity and temperature fields. The approach and implementation of this model are described and demonstrated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional Modeling Of Intumescent Behavior In Fires

Butler¹,

Baum²,

Kashiwagi³

1997

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 5th International Symp

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“…For research purposes, the investigation of the heat transfer through intumescent coatings has been performed at a smaller scale using, typically, ad hoc experiments [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The major features of these experiments are that a coated, flat metal surface is exposed to a heat source, which may be by a thermal radiation source [4][5][6][9][10][11][12], an impinging flame [7,8,[13][14][15] or from hot combustion gases [3]. The temperature of the metal substrate is recorded, and this data is used to determine the thermal resistance of the coating [9], or compared with various models of the heat transfer through the coating [3][4][5][6][7][8]10,11,[13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major features of these experiments are that a coated, flat metal surface is exposed to a heat source, which may be by a thermal radiation source [4][5][6][9][10][11][12], an impinging flame [7,8,[13][14][15] or from hot combustion gases [3]. The temperature of the metal substrate is recorded, and this data is used to determine the thermal resistance of the coating [9], or compared with various models of the heat transfer through the coating [3][4][5][6][7][8]10,11,[13][14][15][16]. It has been noted [11] that different heat sources can affect the response of an intumescent coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Effect of Atmospheric Oxygen Content on the Thermal Resistance of Intumescent, Fire-Retardant Coatings

Griffin

Bicknell

Brown

2005

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Studies are conducted to measure the rate of thermal degradation and the thermal resistance of three intumescent fire-retardant coatings under atmospheres of varying oxygen content. The degradation trials are conducted using thermal gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis in an atmosphere of nitrogen or air. It has been found that a low oxygen content in the atmosphere significantly affects the rate of degradation of the char material at temperatures greater than 540°C. The global kinetics of the thermal degradation is modeled using three or four first-order parallel reactions. The degradation of char is modeled using the method of invariant kinetic parameters. The derived kinetic parameters are reported. The thermal resistance of the materials coated on steel plates is determined using a cone calorimeter with controlled oxygen content in the atmosphere. It has been found that the thermal resistance of two of the coatings has been strongly influenced by the oxygen content of the atmosphere; hence, this factor may be of importance when predicting the performance of intumescent materials in real fire scenarios.

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“…Small-scale experiments used to measure the thermal resistance of coatings generally utilize a coated, flat metal surface, which is exposed to a heat source. The heat source may be a thermal radiation source [9,12,14,18,21,[27][28][29][30][31], an impinging flame [3,4,11,17,19,32] or hot combustion gases [9,10,20]. The temperature of the metal substrate is recorded, and this data is used to determine the thermal resistance of the coating [9,28], or compared with various models of the heat transfer through the coating [3,[11][12][13][14][17][18][19]27,29,32].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heat source may be a thermal radiation source [9,12,14,18,21,[27][28][29][30][31], an impinging flame [3,4,11,17,19,32] or hot combustion gases [9,10,20]. The temperature of the metal substrate is recorded, and this data is used to determine the thermal resistance of the coating [9,28], or compared with various models of the heat transfer through the coating [3,[11][12][13][14][17][18][19]27,29,32]. It has been noted [18] that different heat sources can affect the response of an intumescent coating.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modeling of Heat Transfer across Intumescent Polymer Coatings

Griffin

2009

Journal of Fire Sciences

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The use of mathematical models to predict the thermal resistance of polymer-based, intumescent coatings are reviewed and their limitations are discussed. A mathematical model is derived to describe the developing temperature profile across an intumescent coating when exposed to a radiant heat source. The model includes the effects of: the endothermic and exothermic reactions; convective heat transfer as degradation gases are transported through the coating; radiation heat transfer across the developing porous solid; and the increase in thermal resistance as gases are formed and the coating expands. The model predictions are compared with experimental data from the heating of epoxy-based and vinyl acetate-based intumescent coatings in a cone calorimeter. A sensitivity analysis is performed to show the effect of the thermal characteristics of the coating on the thermal resistance of the material. The application of the model to newly developed intumescent coatings is discussed.

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The Heat Transfer Mechanism and Fire Insulation Properties of Some Intumescent Materials

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Three-dimensional Modeling Of Intumescent Behavior In Fires

Three-dimensional Modeling Of Intumescent Behavior In Fires

Studies on the Effect of Atmospheric Oxygen Content on the Thermal Resistance of Intumescent, Fire-Retardant Coatings

The Modeling of Heat Transfer across Intumescent Polymer Coatings

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