The Modeling of Heat Transfer across Intumescent Polymer Coatings

Griffin, Gregory

doi:10.1177/0734904109346396

Cited by 62 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Non-charring polymers, on the other hand, are significantly flammable and generally transform into gaseous volatile species almost completely during pyrolysis reactions, thus leaving no or little residue [2]. Intumescent polymers, in contrast, are capable of forming substantial amounts of carbonaceous residue, which in turn protects the surface of polymers that are being exposed to an external heat flux [3]. The carbon-rich char residue, initially formed, can undergo rapid expansion primarily owing to the production of non-combustible gaseous species emanating from the decomposing spumific agent within the intumescent formulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Pyrolysis and Combustion Behaviors of Non-Charring and Intumescent-Protected Polymers Using “FiresCone”

et al. 2015

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A mathematical model, named FiresCone, was developed to simulate the pyrolysis and combustion processes of different types of combustible materials, which also took into account both gas and solid phases. In the present study, some non-charring and intumescent-protected polymer samples were investigated regarding their combustion behaviors in response to pre-determined external heat fluxes. The modeling results were validated against the experimental outcomes obtained from a cone calorimeter. The predicted mass loss rates of the samples were found to fit reasonably well with the experimental data collected under various levels of external irradiation. Both the experimental and modeling results showed that the peak mass loss rate of the non-charring polymer material occurred near the end of burning, whereas for the intumescent-protected polymer it happed shortly after the start of the experiment. "FiresCone" is expected to act as a practical tool for the investigation of fire behavior of combustible materials. It is also expected to model fire scenarios under complicated conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Pyrolysis and Combustion Behaviors of Non-Charring and Intumescent-Protected Polymers Using “FiresCone”

et al. 2015

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“…Nano fillers have superior surface-to-volume ratio but they are extremely difficult to disperse uniformly [10]. Thus, the weight percentage of nano fillers plays an important role in enhancing the intumescent fire retardant coating.…”

Section: Elemental Analysis Of Charmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing intumescent fire retardant coatings reported that the char layer would damage easily by the turbulence during flame spread. The residual weight of the coating is also low as it is easily oxidized at high temperature [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nano-sized boron nitride (BN) reinforcement in expandable graphite based in-tumescent fire retardant coating

Zulkurnain

Ahmad

Gillani

2016

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. The purpose of in-tumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) is to protect substrate from fire attack by limiting heat transfer. A range of coating formulations have been prepared using Bisphenol A epoxy resin BE-188 and polyamide solidifier H-2310 as two-part binder, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as acid source, melamine (MEL) as the blowing agent, expandable graphite (EG) as carbon source and nano-boron nitride (BN) as inorganic nano filler. The filler was used to improve the performances of the APP-EG-MEL coating. The effects of nano-BN on the char morphology and thermal degradation were investigated by fire test, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results showed that by substituting or reinforcing of 4% weight percentage of nano-BN, residual weight of the char increases by 23.82% compared to APP-EG-MEL coating without filler. Higher carbon content was obtained in the char and a more compact char was produced. The results indicated that nano-BN could be used as a filler to improve thermal stability of the APP-EG-MEL coating.

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“…Several attempts have also been made to address the shortcomings of furnace testing on reactive coatings using cone calorimeters [11,12,13,14]. These studies used cone calorimeter tests to determine thermal properties of the intumescent coating under a range of constant incident heat fluxes.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Testing to Study the Performance of Intumescent Coatings under Non-Standard Heating Regimes

Elliott¹,

Temple²,

Maluk³

et al. 2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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Intumescent coatings (also called reactive coatings) are widely used to protect structural steel from fire. These thin coatings swell on heating to form a highly insulating char, protecting steel members and preventing them from reaching critical temperatures that could cause them to fail. As is the case for most structural materials and assemblies, intumescent coatings for use in buildings are typically developed and certified solely according to the standard cellulosic fire resistance test by exposure within a fire testing furnace. Reliance on furnace testing is expensive, non-representative of realistic fire conditions, and insufficiently versatile to gather detailed performance information on the response of reactive coatings under the full range of design fires which might be considered during a rational, performance-based design assessment. This paper presents a novel testing methodology for studying the performance of reactive coatings when subjected to non-standard heating regimes. The new approach is calibrated and validated using furnace test data, and is shown to offer considerable advantages over furnace testing in terms of reliability, repeatability, versatility, speed and cost. An investigation is then presented to study the effective variable thermal conductivity of a commercially available reactive coating when subjected to various timehistories of heat flux. It is shown that the heating rate and dry film thickness of the coating do not drastically affect the development of effective thermal conductivity with substrate temperature, leading to a proposal for a simplified method for specifying coating requirements and/or performing heat transfer design calculations when designing to non-standard heating regimes.

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The Modeling of Heat Transfer across Intumescent Polymer Coatings

Cited by 62 publications

References 36 publications

Modeling the Pyrolysis and Combustion Behaviors of Non-Charring and Intumescent-Protected Polymers Using “FiresCone”

Modeling the Pyrolysis and Combustion Behaviors of Non-Charring and Intumescent-Protected Polymers Using “FiresCone”

Effects of nano-sized boron nitride (BN) reinforcement in expandable graphite based in-tumescent fire retardant coating

Novel Testing to Study the Performance of Intumescent Coatings under Non-Standard Heating Regimes

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