The healthy Nordic diet predicts muscle strength 10 years later in old women, but not old men

Perala, Mia-Maria; Bonsdorff, Mikaela von; Männistö, Satu; Salonen, Minna K.; Simonen, Mika; Kanerva, Noora; Rantanen, Taina; Pohjolainen, Pertti; Eriksson, Johan G.

doi:10.1093/ageing/afx034

Cited by 32 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…Of these, three studies examined the relationship between meat intake (red meats, poultry, and processed meats) and muscle mass and function [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]; five examined the intake of fruit and vegetables in relation to sarcopenia and muscle function [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and eight studies investigated the link between multiple whole foods and various muscle-related outcomes [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. The individual whole foods were: fatty fish, white fish and shellfish, legumes, soy, nuts and seeds, eggs, and the components of the Nordic Dietary Score (NDS), including Nordic cereal (rye, oats, barley) [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Three studies investigated the association between dairy intake (including yogurt and cheeses) and muscle mass and function [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess diet, ten studies used food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) [ 24 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 38 ], four studies employed diet histories [ 21 , 23 , 25 , 39 ], one used 3-day diet record [ 36 ], one 24-h dietary recall [ 22 ], two used lifestyle questionnaire [ 26 , 32 ], and one study used a single question for a specific food group [ 28 ]. Muscle-related outcomes varied across the studies; six examined muscle mass (total, lean, appendicular, skeletal muscle index, etc.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myoprotective Whole Foods, Muscle Health and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review of Observational and Intervention Studies in Older Adults

et al. 2020

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Decline in skeletal muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia) accelerates with age, leading to adverse health outcomes and poor quality of life. Diet plays a crucial role in muscle ageing being an important element of a healthy lifestyle. However, unlike single nutrients, such as dietary protein, or dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, the relationship between individual whole foods and muscle health has not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to investigate which whole foods (meat, fish, eggs, fruit and vegetables, and non-liquid dairy) may be beneficial (myoprotective) for ageing muscle and sarcopenia in adults aged ≥ 50 years. Nineteen observational and nine intervention studies were identified through systematic searches of the four electronic databases (last search: March 2020). The synthesis of findings showed strong and consistent evidence for a beneficial effect of lean red meat on muscle mass or lean tissue mass in both observational and intervention studies. Higher intake of fruit and vegetables was associated with better muscle function in observational studies, but the evidence from intervention studies was scarce. Non-liquid dairy foods were beneficial for muscle mass in both observational and intervention studies. There was moderate evidence for the role of these foods in muscle strength and sarcopenia, and limited or inconclusive evidence for the benefits of other whole foods (e.g., fish, eggs) for muscle health in older adults. Although current nutritional recommendations are often based on a single nutrient approach, further research about the role of protein-rich and other foods in muscle health will allow for the development of guidelines that are based on whole foods, also highlighting the potential importance of non-protein nutrients within these foods for myoprotection in older adults.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myoprotective Whole Foods, Muscle Health and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review of Observational and Intervention Studies in Older Adults

et al. 2020

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“…A recently published longitudinal study by Perälä and colleagues [ 52 ], not included in this review, provides further evidence of the benefits of diet quality for muscle strength (both grip strength and knee extensor strength). The authors found that in women, adherence to a healthy Nordic diet was associated with greater muscle strength measured 10 years later.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet Quality and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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The increasing recognition of sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (muscle strength and physical performance), as a determinant of poor health in older age, has emphasized the importance of understanding more about its aetiology to inform strategies both for preventing and treating this condition. There is growing interest in the effects of modifiable factors such as diet; some nutrients have been studied but less is known about the influence of overall diet quality on sarcopenia. We conducted a systematic review of the literature examining the relationship between diet quality and the individual components of sarcopenia, i.e., muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, and the overall risk of sarcopenia, among older adults. We identified 23 studies that met review inclusion criteria. The studies were diverse in terms of the design, setting, measures of diet quality, and outcome measurements. A small body of evidence suggested a relationship between “healthier” diets and better muscle mass outcomes. There was limited and inconsistent evidence for a link between “healthier” diets and lower risk of declines in muscle strength. There was strong and consistent observational evidence for a link between “healthier” diets and lower risk of declines in physical performance. There was a small body of cross-sectional evidence showing an association between “healthier” diets and lower risk of sarcopenia. This review provides observational evidence to support the benefits of diets of higher quality for physical performance among older adults. Findings for the other outcomes considered suggest some benefits, although the evidence is either limited in its extent (sarcopenia) or inconsistent/weak in its nature (muscle mass, muscle strength). Further studies are needed to assess the potential of whole-diet interventions for the prevention and management of sarcopenia.

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“…It also provides a fairly good reproducibility. The BSDS has been proven to be a valid measure of participants' adherence to the healthy Nordic diet (25) , and it has been used in many epidemiological studies thus far in both adult and paediatric populations over the last 5 years (13,(48)(49)(50) .…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the healthy Nordic diet is associated with weight change during 7 years of follow-up

et al. 2018

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Studies indicate that the healthy Nordic diet may improve heart health, but its relation to weight change is less clear. We studied the association between the adherence to the healthy Nordic diet and long-term changes in weight, BMI and waist circumference. Furthermore, the agreement between self-reported and measured body anthropometrics was examined. The population-based DIetary, Lifestyle and Genetic Determinants of Obesity and Metabolic syndrome Study in 2007 included 5024 Finns aged 25-75 years. The follow-up was conducted in 2014 (n 3735). One-third of the participants were invited to a health examination. The rest were sent measuring tape and written instructions along with questionnaires. The Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) was used to measure adherence to the healthy Nordic diet. Association of the baseline BSDS and changes in BSDS during the follow-up with changes in body anthropometrics were examined using linear regression analysis. The agreement between self-reported and nurse-measured anthropometrics was determined with Bland-Altman analysis. Intra-class correlation coefficients between self-reported and nurse-measured anthropometrics exceeded 0·95. The baseline BSDS associated with lower weight (β=-0·056, P=0·043) and BMI (β=-0·021, P=0·031) over the follow-up. This association was especially evident among those who had increased their BSDS. In conclusion, both high initial and improved adherence to the healthy Nordic diet may promote long-term weight maintenance. The self-reported/measured anthropometrics were shown to have high agreement with nurse-measured values which adds the credibility of our results.

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The healthy Nordic diet predicts muscle strength 10 years later in old women, but not old men

Abstract: adherence to the healthy Nordic diet seems to protect from weaker muscle strength in old women. Therefore, the healthy Nordic diet may help to prevent disability.

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Myoprotective Whole Foods, Muscle Health and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review of Observational and Intervention Studies in Older Adults

Myoprotective Whole Foods, Muscle Health and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review of Observational and Intervention Studies in Older Adults

Diet Quality and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Adherence to the healthy Nordic diet is associated with weight change during 7 years of follow-up

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