The health benefits of UV radiation exposure through vitamin D production or non-vitamin D pathways. Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease

Weller, Richard

doi:10.1039/c6pp00336b

Cited by 50 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…More recently, there has been a growing appreciation for the beneficial impact that sunlight has on the cardiovascular system, independent of vitamin D production. Vitamin D could in these circumstances act as a marker for sunlight exposure and its postulated beneficial effects [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Aquino

Cunha

Pereira

et al. 2018

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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BackgroundThe risk of metabolic syndrome can be influenced by inadequate vitamin D levels, and exposure to sunlight is the main external source of vitamin D. The present study assessed the influence of environmental, biological, and nutritional factors in relation to seasonal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration in individuals with metabolic syndrome.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 180 individuals with metabolic syndrome aged between 18 and 80 years. The 25OHD concentration was considered the dependent variable; independent variables included age, sex, skin color, use of sunscreen, skin type, sun exposure score, ultraviolet radiation index, geographic location, season, body mass index, waist:hip ratio, waist circumference, parathyroid hormone level, total serum calcium level, and calcium and vitamin D intake.ResultsThe average vitamin D in individuals evaluated in summer 32 ± 10 ng/mL was greater than in the winter 26 ± 8 ng/mL (p < 0.017). HDL-cholesterol was the only component of the MetS that differed significantly between the seasons (p < 0.001), showing higher concentrations in autumn 45 ± 8 mg/dL than in summer 35 ± 8 mg/dL. In the multiple regression model, gender, WHR, sun exposure score, and winter vs. summer explained 10% of the variation in 25OHD concentration (p = 0.004).ConclusionsSex, waist:hip ratio, sun exposure, and summer season were predictors of 25OHD status among individuals with metabolic syndrome. HDL-cholesterol was the only component of metabolic syndrome that differed significantly between the seasons.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13098-018-0346-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Aquino

Cunha

Pereira

et al. 2018

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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“…It is well established that too much exposure is damaging to the skin and eyes and increases the risk of skin cancers [16][17][18][19][20]. However, exposure to solar UV-B benefits vitamin D production and bone health [21,22]; there is emerging evidence of the role of UV-A in cardiovascular health [15,18,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], and there are suggestions that solar UV exposure reduces the risk of some cancers and other causes of death [18,[33][34][35]. In addition, solar radiation exposure as a whole, through exposure to visible radiation (400-700 nm), plays an important role in melatonin regulation for better quality sleep and serotonin regulation for improved mental health-both of which may enhance length and quality of life [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Implications of Solar UV Exposure during Extreme Cold and Hot Weather Episodes in 2018 in Chilton, South East England

Rendell

Higlett

Khazova

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Consideration of the implications of solar UV exposure on public health during extreme temperature events is important due to their increasing frequency as a result of climate change. In this paper public health impacts of solar UV exposure, both positive and negative, during extreme hot and cold weather in England in 2018 were assessed by analysing environmental variations in UV and temperature. Consideration was given to people’s likely behaviour, the current alert system and public health advice. During a period of severe cold weather in February-March 2018 UV daily doses were around 25–50% lower than the long-term average (1991–2017); however, this would not impact on sunburn risk or the benefit of vitamin D production. In spring 2018 unseasonably high temperatures coincided with high UV daily doses (40–75% above long-term average) on significant days: the London Marathon (22 April) and UK May Day Bank Holiday weekend, which includes a public holiday on the Monday (5–7 May). People were likely to have intermittent excess solar UV exposure on unacclimatised skin, causing sunburn and potentially increasing the risk of skin cancers. No alerts were raised for these events since they occurred outside the alerting period. During a heat-wave in summer 2018 the environmental availability of UV was high—on average of 25% above the long-term average. The public health implications are complex and highly dependent on behaviour and sociodemographic variables such as skin colour. For all three periods Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) positive correlation between maximum daily temperature and erythema-effective UV daily dose. Public health advice may be improved by taking account of both temperature and UV and their implications for behaviour. A health impact-based alert system would be of benefit throughout the year, particularly in spring and summer.

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“…Moreover, when we analyzed the most recent exposure, we observed that the magnitude of the effect was stronger, but these results were not statistically signi cant probably due to small sample size. Recent evidence suggests sun exposure might have a protective role in cardiovascular disease explained by the mobilization of nitric oxide skin stores to systemic circulation, which reduces systolic blood pressure (35). In agreement with this, observational studies have shown a reduction in blood pressure in participants who were more sunexposed, but these changes were not signi cant after adjusting for potential confounders (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Sun exposure and intima-media thickness in the Mexican Teachers' Cohort

Aguilar

Muñoz-Aguirre²,

Cortés-Valencia

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Previous studies have evaluated how sun exposure affects cardiovascular health. In this sense, some evidence from ecological studies have found an inverse relationship between sun exposure and blood pressure or CVD. The aim of this study is to determine whether long-term sun exposure has a protective role in subclinical cardiovascular disease in adult Mexican women. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a sample of women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort (MTC) study. Sun exposure was assessed in the MTC 2008 baseline questionnaire, in which women were asked about their sun-related behavior. Vascular neurologists measured carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) using standard techniques. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the percentage difference in mean IMT and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), according to categories of sun exposure and multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs for carotid atherosclerosis. Results The mean age of participants was 49.6 ± 5.5 years, the mean IMT was 0.678 ± 0.097 mm, and the mean accumulated hours of weekly sun exposure were 2.9 ± 1.9. Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was 20.9%. Compared to women in the lowest category of sun exposure, the multivariate adjusted ORs of carotid atherosclerosis were 0.54 (95%CI: 0.24, 1.18) for women who were exposed 9 hours. For women who denied regular sun screen use, those in the higher exposure category (9 hours) had lower mean IMT compared to those in the lower category (multivariable-adjusted mean % difference = -2.67; 95%CI: -6.9, -1.5). Conclusion In general, we observed that cumulative sun exposure was inversely associated with IMT and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Our findings suggest that public health messages should also consider the sun’s positive role for health, while still emphasizing the negative impacts of excessive exposure.

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The health benefits of UV radiation exposure through vitamin D production or non-vitamin D pathways. Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease

Cited by 50 publications

References 60 publications

Predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

Public Health Implications of Solar UV Exposure during Extreme Cold and Hot Weather Episodes in 2018 in Chilton, South East England

Sun exposure and intima-media thickness in the Mexican Teachers' Cohort

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