quipment installation and ergonomic work environments in obstetric sonography are seldom addressed. However, it is very important for sonographers of all experience levels to know the different musculoskeletal disorders that can occur in regular practice. These disorders have been clinically recognized since the late 1990s. 1 They denote a set of conditions responsible for pain and discomfort, affecting primarily the upper limbs and the cervical and lumbar spine.Many studies on the subject, mainly conducted in Englishspeaking countries, show that more than 80% of experienced sonographers of all specialties describe pain when performing examinations. 2 The average time between the start of regular sonography practice and the onset of pain is 5 years. Given the reality of this problem, it seems essential to continue research to better understand the causes of these disorders and improve prevention. After a literature review and our own work analysis, we propose and illustrate rules of good practice to limit harmful postures.
REVIEW ARTICLEErgonomics and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in obstetric sonography is a subject seldom discussed. However, 80% of sonographers describe pain when performing these examinations. The consequences of these disorders can range from impaired quality of life to the complete cessation of professional activity. Some diseases may even require surgical treatments such as carpal tunnel syndrome and shoulder rotator cuff injuries. After joint disorders mainly affecting the upper limbs and neck, deterioration of visual acuity is the second most commonly reported condition. A literature review can identify risk factors, particularly arm abduction greater than 30°, repeated isometric maneuvers without compensatory rest, the level of force applied to the probe, abdominal scanning approaches, examination times longer than 25 minutes, and more than 100 sonographic examinations per month. The ergonomics of the operator's workstation and posture are essential to prevent these disorders. Machine, probe, chair, and examination bed designs are already subject to industrial consensus, but sonographers are responsible for configuring their ideal workstations to preserve their professional and physical potential. Therefore, this article proposes rules of good practice and illustrates recommended positions and those to avoid.