The Harderian Gland in Birds: Histology and Immunology

Burns, R.B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76685-5_10

Cited by 32 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The histological examination revealed that the structure of HG of common pheasants and hybrids is multilobar tubuloacinar, which is consistent with the first type of Burns' (1992) classification. The results of histological measurements (capsule and interlobar septa thickness, and the diameters of the lobes, acini, and tertiary, secondary and primary diameters of the ducts are presented in Figure 3 and Table 1.…”

Section: Histological Studysupporting

confidence: 78%

“…According to Burns (1992), birds may present three types of HG. The HG with compound tubuloacinar structures, lobule composed of a one type of epithelial cells and a large age-dependent population of plasma cells in the interstitium of the gland are characteristic for the first type of gland observed in domestic fowl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second type has compound tubular structures and a lobe with two types of epithelial cells in the tubule and a much smaller population of plasma cells, like in the duck. The third type is regarded as "mixed" and is typical of rooks (Burns, 1992). The HG produces lacrimal fluid; hence, the main function of this gland is to lubricate the surface of the eyeball and third eyelid (Baba et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gland is a site of activation and terminal differentiation of B-cells, as well as plasma cell proliferation (Khan et al, 2011;Koskela et al, 2003;Savage et al, 1992;Scott et al, 1993;Tsuji et al, 1993). The fowl HG has a large agedependent populations of plasma cells and is capable to produce antibodies both to systemically and locally applied antigens (Burns, 1992). The plasma cells of HG produce or participate in the transmission of four classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgG, IgM and IgY (Ohshima & Hiramatsu, 2002;Bejdic et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Differences of the Harderian Gland between Common Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus Talischensis) and Hybrids of Italian Amber and Common Pheasants

Klećkowska‐Nawrot

Goździewska‐Harłajczuk

Kowalczyk

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Harderian gland, histology, histochemistry, common pheasant, hybrid of Italian amber and common pheasant. ABStRACtThe aim of the present study was to demonstrate the histological and histochemical structure of the Harderian gland in wild and hybrid of wild and domestic birds. The samples were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, methyl green-pyronin Y, periodic acid-Schiff, alcian blue pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin and Hale's dialyzed iron staining's. In both species, the glands had multilobar tubuloacinar structure type I. The Harderian gland was located in the orbit near the inter-orbital septum, between the medial rectus muscle, the pyramidal muscle of the third eyelid, and the ventral oblique muscle. In the common pheasant, the gland was wider in the proximal and distal part. The common pheasant had more elongated lobes of the Harderian gland than in the hybrid. In the common pheasant, the glandular cells presented darkly-stained serous secretion and lightly-stained mucous secretion. In the hybrid, the glandular cells presented seromucous secretion. The central lobar space, interacinar space, and apical parts of the acini of the Harderian glands were filled with many lymphocytes and plasma cells, particularly in the common pheasant, where centers of all large lobes were abundantly filled with plasma cells. The plasma cells dominated in common pheasant's Harderian gland, while in the hybrid, lymphocytes and plasma cells were present at similar quantities. The cells positive for periodic acid of Schiff staining were dominant in hybrid. Periodic acid-Schiff, Hale's dialyzed iron and alcian blue pH 2.5 stainings demonstrated acid-carboxylated mucopolysaccharides in the glandular cells cytoplasm of the examined birds.

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Section: Histological Studysupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Differences of the Harderian Gland between Common Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus Talischensis) and Hybrids of Italian Amber and Common Pheasants

Klećkowska‐Nawrot

Goździewska‐Harłajczuk

Kowalczyk

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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“…It is found in most vertebrates and especially in the rodents [1,2]. It is usually associated with the third eyelid in the inner canthus of the eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of protoporphyrin glycoconjugates from rat Harderian gland by HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and HPLC/electrospray ionization MS

Lim

Razzaque

Luo

et al. 2000

Biochemical Journal

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It has been widely reported that the Harderian gland, present in most vertebrates, accumulates high levels of porphyrins, particularly protoporphyrin. The present study describes the extraction, identification and characterization of a group of hitherto unreported protoporphyrin glycoconjugates in the rat Harderian gland using HPLC, capillary electrophoresis, on-line HPLC/electrospray ionization MS and tandem MS. The major glycoconjugate was identified as protoporphyrin-1-O-acyl β-xyloside with a smaller amount of protoporphyrin-1-O-acyl β-glucoside also detected. In the Harderian glands studied, 50-70% of the porphyrins present were in the form of protoporphyrin glycoconjugates. This is the first reported occurrence of glycoconjugates of porphyrins in Nature and suggests that previous studies have wrongly identified the major porphyrin in the Harderian gland as the unconjugated protoporphyrin.

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