Structural Differences of the Harderian Gland between Common Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus Talischensis) and Hybrids of Italian Amber and Common Pheasants
Abstract:Harderian gland, histology, histochemistry, common pheasant, hybrid of Italian amber and common pheasant.
ABStRACtThe aim of the present study was to demonstrate the histological and histochemical structure of the Harderian gland in wild and hybrid of wild and domestic birds. The samples were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, methyl green-pyronin Y, periodic acid-Schiff, alcian blue pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin and Hale's dialyzed iron staining's. In both species, the glands had multilobar tubuloacinar structure t… Show more
“…Burns and Maxwell (1979) provided an excellent account of the anatomical and histological structure of the lacrimal gland in three bird species: Gallus domesticus L (fowl), Meleagris gallopavo L (turkeys) and Anas platyrhynchos L (ducks); in all three species, the lacrimal gland has the same anatomical location, i. e., on the dorsolateral angle of the orbit. Some birds species, such as Meleagris gallopavo (turkey) (Dimitrov, 2011), capercaillie (Klećkowska-Nawrot et al, 2015, 2016, ostrich, Strutheio camelus (Reem & Khattab, 2018) and Athene noctua (little owl) (Shawki et al, 2019) have the same location of the lacrimal gland; this is consistent with the findings of the present study. The location of the lacrimal gland in hoopoe is consistent with that of little owl, fowl and capercaillie.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…Some birds species, such as Meleagris gallopavo (turkey) (Dimitrov, 2011), capercaillie (Klećkowska‐Nawrot et al, 2015, 2016), ostrich, Strutheio camelus (Reem & Khattab, 2018) and Athene noctua (little owl) (Shawki et al, 2019) have the same location of the lacrimal gland; this is consistent with the findings of the present study. The location of the lacrimal gland in hoopoe is consistent with that of little owl, fowl and capercaillie.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…O'Malley (2005) reported that the lacrimal gland empties into the nasolacrimal duct via dorsal and ventral puncta. In certain bird species such as capercaillie and ostrich (Klećkowska‐Nawrot et al, 2015, 2016), the lacrimal gland secretes their tears through multiple ducts and opens into the conjunctival space beneath the lower eyelid. The present study found that the lacrimal gland of hoopoe empties its secretions through a single duct that opens into the posterior nasal aperture through nasolacrimal duct.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, there is little information about the structure and functions of the lacrimal glands; with only few publications available (i.e. Klećkowska‐Nawrot et al, 2016; O'Malley, 2005; Shawki et al, 2019; Williams, 1994).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…anatomical and histological techniques, cattle egret, Harderian gland, hoopoe, olfactory, orbital glands there is little information about the structure and functions of the lacrimal glands; with only few publications available (i.e. Klećkowska-Nawrot et al, 2016;O'Malley, 2005;Shawki et al, 2019;Williams, 1994).…”
This study used both anatomical and histological techniques to investigate the orbital gland's topographic relationship with the surrounding system, using the hoopoe and cattle egret as biological models. Hoopoe has a spindle‐shaped lacrimal gland that is suspended on the lateral edge of the frontal bone, whereas cattle egret has a tiny lacrimal gland that is embedded posteriorly within the periorbital fascia. The hoopoe's lacrimal gland has a single duct that runs parallel to the nasolacrimal duct and opens into the posterior nostril hole. In the cattle egret, the tubule‐alveolar secretory components comprise neutral and acid glycosaminoglycan. In addition, the Harderian gland is found in both these species, but their draining ducts differ; the Harderian gland of the hoopoe opens into the anterodorsal to the conjunctival fornix, whereas the Harderian gland of the egret opens anteriorly. In both hoopoe and egret, the secretions of Harderian gland include neutral and acid glycosaminoglycan. The Harderian gland is categorized as type II in hoopoe and type I in cattle egrets. The present results concluded that both orbital glands of two bird species studied play an essential role in eye health, where cleaning and lubrication of the cornea surface. Furthermore, the lacrimal gland's location and secretory features may strengthen the olfactory sensitivity of hoopoe, which relies heavily on scent to locate their food, whereas egret relies heavily on visual cues.
“…Burns and Maxwell (1979) provided an excellent account of the anatomical and histological structure of the lacrimal gland in three bird species: Gallus domesticus L (fowl), Meleagris gallopavo L (turkeys) and Anas platyrhynchos L (ducks); in all three species, the lacrimal gland has the same anatomical location, i. e., on the dorsolateral angle of the orbit. Some birds species, such as Meleagris gallopavo (turkey) (Dimitrov, 2011), capercaillie (Klećkowska-Nawrot et al, 2015, 2016, ostrich, Strutheio camelus (Reem & Khattab, 2018) and Athene noctua (little owl) (Shawki et al, 2019) have the same location of the lacrimal gland; this is consistent with the findings of the present study. The location of the lacrimal gland in hoopoe is consistent with that of little owl, fowl and capercaillie.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…Some birds species, such as Meleagris gallopavo (turkey) (Dimitrov, 2011), capercaillie (Klećkowska‐Nawrot et al, 2015, 2016), ostrich, Strutheio camelus (Reem & Khattab, 2018) and Athene noctua (little owl) (Shawki et al, 2019) have the same location of the lacrimal gland; this is consistent with the findings of the present study. The location of the lacrimal gland in hoopoe is consistent with that of little owl, fowl and capercaillie.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…O'Malley (2005) reported that the lacrimal gland empties into the nasolacrimal duct via dorsal and ventral puncta. In certain bird species such as capercaillie and ostrich (Klećkowska‐Nawrot et al, 2015, 2016), the lacrimal gland secretes their tears through multiple ducts and opens into the conjunctival space beneath the lower eyelid. The present study found that the lacrimal gland of hoopoe empties its secretions through a single duct that opens into the posterior nasal aperture through nasolacrimal duct.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, there is little information about the structure and functions of the lacrimal glands; with only few publications available (i.e. Klećkowska‐Nawrot et al, 2016; O'Malley, 2005; Shawki et al, 2019; Williams, 1994).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…anatomical and histological techniques, cattle egret, Harderian gland, hoopoe, olfactory, orbital glands there is little information about the structure and functions of the lacrimal glands; with only few publications available (i.e. Klećkowska-Nawrot et al, 2016;O'Malley, 2005;Shawki et al, 2019;Williams, 1994).…”
This study used both anatomical and histological techniques to investigate the orbital gland's topographic relationship with the surrounding system, using the hoopoe and cattle egret as biological models. Hoopoe has a spindle‐shaped lacrimal gland that is suspended on the lateral edge of the frontal bone, whereas cattle egret has a tiny lacrimal gland that is embedded posteriorly within the periorbital fascia. The hoopoe's lacrimal gland has a single duct that runs parallel to the nasolacrimal duct and opens into the posterior nostril hole. In the cattle egret, the tubule‐alveolar secretory components comprise neutral and acid glycosaminoglycan. In addition, the Harderian gland is found in both these species, but their draining ducts differ; the Harderian gland of the hoopoe opens into the anterodorsal to the conjunctival fornix, whereas the Harderian gland of the egret opens anteriorly. In both hoopoe and egret, the secretions of Harderian gland include neutral and acid glycosaminoglycan. The Harderian gland is categorized as type II in hoopoe and type I in cattle egrets. The present results concluded that both orbital glands of two bird species studied play an essential role in eye health, where cleaning and lubrication of the cornea surface. Furthermore, the lacrimal gland's location and secretory features may strengthen the olfactory sensitivity of hoopoe, which relies heavily on scent to locate their food, whereas egret relies heavily on visual cues.
Background: The aim of the present study is to describe the morphological and histological features of Harderian gland (HG) in long-legged wadding bird (ibis) and different domestic birds (duck, goose, and pigeon). The HG of forty adult male and female from the four avian species constituted the material of the study. Result: The HG extended from the optic nerve to the rostral part of the eyeball presents two extremities, one posterior and other anterior, from which the excretory duct was arisen. Between two extremities of the gland, middle groove is present in case of duck and geese, while middle isthmus is present in case of ibis. In pigeon, the gland appeared pointed oval in shape. Microscopically, the HG was multilobular; each lobule was composed of secretory acini that were lined by a single layer of columnar epithelium. In all studied birds, a single duct located centrally with an irregular lumen. In goose, there were crypts along the duct while in duck, the central lumen had villi-like folds projected into the central canal of the tubules. In ibis, the irregular lumen was narrow and elongated while in pigeon, the gland had a central cavity that collected the secretion from tubules arranged radially around the cavity; also, the gland mainly contained both acidic and neutral mucopolysaccharides. Conclusion: This work revealed that the histological structure of HG in the four avian species showed characteristic features and thus explained the relationship between their habits and behavior on the structure of this gland.
Numerous and variable studies have been done about the avian orbital glands. However, more comparative investigations including several species need more attention. The current study intends to investigate the relationship between the morphological, histological, and histochemical features of the orbital glands of the common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), and their protective function for the eye. There are two lacrimal glands in the common moorhen, which differ in size, shape, location, and position of their openings. The dorsal lacrimal gland appears as a bilobed cylindrical gland with dorsoventrally compressive tissues situated within the fossa in the dorsal orbital rim, and unites anteriorly beneath the lacrimal bone to form its draining duct. A small lateral lacrimal gland is located on the posterior pole of the eyeball. The Harderian gland appears voluminous with an irregular, multi-lobed shape. Histologically, the orbital glands are composed of compound tubulo-alveolar type, with each acini lined with cuboidal cells with large spherical nuclei and covered with a pigmented capsule. These glands reveal various positive reactions with periodic acids Schiff's reagent and Alcian blue (pH = 2.5). The present study concluded that the common moorhen possesses different types of orbital glands: two lacrimal glands and a voluminous Harderian gland. The current study suggested that the orbital glands change their features in this bird that catches their food from underwater to adjust the water-visual refraction; furthermore, according to their acidic secretions, this gland may allow the protection of the eye against any water pollution.
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