The “H and K” Bands of Carbon

Ganesan, Aarthi

doi:10.1038/118842a0

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although many genes that regulate melanin production have been identified (Yamaguchi and Hearing, 2009), genetic studies suggest that many other genes influencing human pigment variation have yet to be elucidated (Sturm, 2009). A genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen to identify novel regulators of melanogenesis identified 92 novel genes as putative regulators of melanogenesis, indicating that multiple genes and pathways may play incremental roles in regulating melanin production (Ganesan et al, 2008). Validation studies revealed that many of the novel regulators of melanogenesis control the expression of MITF and tyrosinase (Ganesan et al, 2008).Additionally, a number of putative regulators of autophagy, including genes that regulate the initial stages of melanosome formation (BECN1) (Funderburk et al, 2010) and genes that regulate the turnover of autophagic vesicles (WIPI1) (Obara and Ohsumi, 2008), were identified as potent regulators of melanogenesis (Ganesan et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen to identify novel regulators of melanogenesis identified 92 novel genes as putative regulators of melanogenesis, indicating that multiple genes and pathways may play incremental roles in regulating melanin production (Ganesan et al, 2008). Validation studies revealed that many of the novel regulators of melanogenesis control the expression of MITF and tyrosinase (Ganesan et al, 2008).Additionally, a number of putative regulators of autophagy, including genes that regulate the initial stages of melanosome formation (BECN1) (Funderburk et al, 2010) and genes that regulate the turnover of autophagic vesicles (WIPI1) (Obara and Ohsumi, 2008), were identified as potent regulators of melanogenesis (Ganesan et al, 2008). Immunohistochemical studies have determined that WIPI1 (Proikas-Cezanne et al, 2004), BECN1, and LC3 are expressed in melanocytic lesions (Miracco et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunohistochemical studies have determined that WIPI1 (Proikas-Cezanne et al, 2004), BECN1, and LC3 are expressed in melanocytic lesions (Miracco et al, 2010). Colocalization studies revealed that the autophagosome marker LC3 is present in the melanosome (Ganesan et al, 2008), suggesting that regulators of autophagy may play a role in generating the melanosome. Consistent with this hypothesis, transgenic mouse studies revealed that mice deficient in genes that regulate autophagosome formation (BECN1) or genes that putatively control autophagosome turnover (Fig 4, Vac14) are associated with coat color defects in mice (Chow et al, 2007;Ganesan et al, 2008;Jin et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The pleiotropic roles of autophagy regulators in melanogenesis

Ganesan

2011

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Melanin pigments protect the skin and eyes from toxic insults and are critical for the normal functioning of multiple organ systems including the skin, eyes, and brain. Biochemical and genetic studies in both human and mice have revealed the molecular machinery controlling the transcription of genes encoding enzymes that produce melanin and the trafficking of these enzymes to the melanosome, a lysosome‐related organelle dedicated to melanin synthesis. Recent functional genomic studies have identified a role for genes previously known to regulate autophagy, a cellular process that facilitates nutrient recycling during starvation, in the biogenesis of melanosomes in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we describe the pleiotropic roles of autophagy regulators in multiple vesicle trafficking processes, define a specific role for autophagy regulators in melanosome biogenesis, and shed light on how autophagy and autophagy regulators may play different roles in both the biogenesis of melanosomes and melanosome destruction.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The pleiotropic roles of autophagy regulators in melanogenesis

Ganesan

2011

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In yeast, this process is governed by Atg9 and modulated by Atg2, Atg18, Atg23 and Atg27 (Legakis et al, 2007;Reggiori et al, 2004). Interestingly, the human Atg18 homolog WIPI1 has recently been found to modulate the expression of the pigmentation genes MITF and TRP1 (Ganesan et al, 2008;see below). In melanoma cells, the role of these recycling proteins beyond melanosome maturation is still unclear.…”

Section: Retrieval ⁄ Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors visualized LC3B in early and late stage melanosomes . Moreover, in a genome-wide RNA interference screening, they found LC3A, Beclin1 and WIPI1 as part of a series of 92 novel genes whose depletion compromised melanogenesis in normal melanocytes and in the melanotic melanoma line MNT-1 (Ganesan et al, 2008). Further depletion studies showed that WIP1 favors the maturation of Stage II to Stage IV melanosomes.…”

Section: Autophagy and Melanogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The gluttonous side of malignant melanoma: basic and clinical implications of macroautophagy

Chęcińska

Soengas

2011

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary True to their inherent aggressive behavior, melanomas keep impressing the melanoma community with their ability to bypass tumor suppressor mechanisms. Name a pathway with the potential to control cell survival and melanoma cells will likely have it potentiated by multiple genetic or epigenetic alterations. In the context of progression and chemoresistance, large efforts have been dedicated to the identification of protective mechanisms associated with or linked to apoptotic death programs. These studies have guided the design of targeted anticancer strategies. Still, the promise for pro‐apoptotic inducers as lead compounds for drug development has yet to come to fruition. It was then a question of time to identify alternative modulators of cell viability. An ideal candidate that is raising great expectations in the oncology field is autophagy, a catabolic process with multiple roles in cell homeostasis. Here we review the incipient literature on autophagy markers in melanocytic lesions. Intriguingly, histopathological studies are unveiling an intrinsic inter‐ and intratumor variability in the expression of autophagy modulators. Nonetheless, functional studies support a key role of autopaphagy programs in the response to a variety of stress factors. These include adaptive responses to nutrient deprivation, hypoxia and many anticancer agents, among other stimuli. Strategies are being also developed to mobilize the endocytic machinery and shift autolysosomes into death effectors. The opportunities that lie ahead in this field are exciting. Various authophagy mediators are potentially druggable. Moreover, animal models and the development of sophisticated screening methods offer a platform for multilevel academic–industrial collaborations. These efforts are expected to open avenues of research and, hopefully, lead to a more rational approach to melanoma treatment.

show abstract

InSb:Mn – A high temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor

Lähderanta

Lashkul

Kochura

et al. 2014

Physica Status Solidi (a)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diluted magnetic semiconductor InSb:Mn exhibits a ferromagnetic behavior up to T ∼ 600 K due to presence of nanosize MnSb precipitates [Kochura et al., J. Appl. Phys. 113, 083905 (2013)]. Transport properties of InSb:Mn, including the resistivity, the magnetoresistance (MR), and the Hall effect, are investigated between T ∼ 1.6 and 300 K in magnetic fields B up to 15 T. The resistivity, ρ(T), displays an upturn with lowering the temperature below T ∼ 10–20 K attributable to the Kondo effect, where the universal Kondo behavior is observed. The Hall resistivity, ρH, demonstrates a nonlinear dependence on B up to T ∼ 300 K, suggesting an anomalous contribution due to the effect of the MnSb nanoprecipitates. The relative MR, Δρ(B)/ρ(0), is positive (pMR) above T ∼ 10 K and transforms into a negative one (nMR) with lowering temperature. The Hall effect and pMR are interpreted simultaneously with the two‐band model, addressed to presence of the two types of holes with quite different concentrations and mobilities. The dependences of nMR on B and T follow those of the Khosla–Fischer model, taking into account damping of the spin‐dependent scattering of charge carriers in magnetic field.

show abstract

The “H and K” Bands of Carbon

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The pleiotropic roles of autophagy regulators in melanogenesis

The pleiotropic roles of autophagy regulators in melanogenesis

The gluttonous side of malignant melanoma: basic and clinical implications of macroautophagy

InSb:Mn – A high temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About