The gut microbiota as a versatile immunomodulator in obesity and associated metabolic disorders

Liébana-García, Rebeca; Olivares, Marta; Bullich-Vilarrubias, Clara; López-Almela, Inmaculada; Romaní-Pérez, Marina; Sanz, Yolanda

doi:10.1016/j.beem.2021.101542

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…For instance, a recent meta-analysis including sixteen randomized clinical trials concluded that garlic supplementation reduces the level of circulating inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, TNF, and IL-6) [ 26 ]. The perspective of obesity as an inflammatory condition justifies the search for compounds that counteract inflammation and their subsequent use as new therapeutic tools in this context [ 27 ]. Based on the anti-inflammatory properties recently attributed to some Allium -derived compounds [ 16 , 17 ], we evaluated the potential effects of PTS in an animal model of diet-induced obesity for the first time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Allium Derivate Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate Exerts Anti-Obesogenic Effects in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity

et al. 2022

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Allium species and their organosulfur-derived compounds could prevent obesity and metabolic dysfunction, as they exhibit immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties. Here, we report the anti-obesogenic potential and dose-dependent effects (0.1 or 1 mg/kg/day) of propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. The obesogenic diet increased body weight gain and adipocyte size, and boosted inflammatory marker (Cd11c) expression in the adipose tissue. Conversely, PTS prevented these effects in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the higher dose of PTS improved glucose and hepatic homeostasis, modulated lipid metabolism, and raised markers of the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue. In the colon, the obesogenic diet reduced IL-22 levels and increased gut barrier function markers (Cldn3, Muc2, Reg3g, DefaA); however, the highest PTS dose normalized all of these markers to the levels of mice fed a standard diet. Gut microbiota analyses revealed no differences in diversity indexes and only minor taxonomic changes, such as an increase in butyrate producers, Intestimonas and Alistipes, and a decrease in Bifidobacterium in mice receiving the highest PTS dose. In summary, our study provides preclinical evidence for the protective effects of PTS against obesity, which if confirmed in humans, might provide a novel plant-based dietary product to counteract this condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Allium Derivate Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate Exerts Anti-Obesogenic Effects in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity

et al. 2022

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“…Bacteria and their products are vital contributors to impairment and permeability of the gut barrier, resulting in an increased influx of bacteria, endotoxin, bacterial DNA, and metabolites into the host circulation. Recent reviews show that microbial dysbiosis and impaired barrier function are associated with gastrointestinal disease [113][114][115], neurodegenerative disease [116][117][118][119], autoimmune disease [120][121][122][123][124][125], and an impaired metabolic status in the host manifested by obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications [126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135]. In several animal models [63,64,107,136,137], exposure to PQQ increases mRNA expression levels of tight junction proteins and improves jejunal barrier function, suggesting PQQ may act through the gut to affect tissues in the periphery.…”

Section: Intestinal Barrier Functions and The Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrroloquinoline-Quinone Is More Than an Antioxidant: A Vitamin-like Accessory Factor Important in Health and Disease Prevention

2021

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Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is associated with biological processes such as mitochondriogenesis, reproduction, growth, and aging. In addition, PQQ attenuates clinically relevant dysfunctions (e.g., those associated with ischemia, inflammation and lipotoxicity). PQQ is novel among biofactors that are not currently accepted as vitamins or conditional vitamins. For example, the absence of PQQ in diets produces a response like a vitamin–related deficiency with recovery upon PQQ repletion in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, potential health benefits, such as improved metabolic flexibility and immuno-and neuroprotection, are associated with PQQ supplementation. Here, we address PQQ’s role as an enzymatic cofactor or accessory factor and highlight mechanisms underlying PQQ’s actions. We review both large scale and targeted datasets demonstrating that a neonatal or perinatal PQQ deficiency reduces mitochondria content and mitochondrial-related gene expression. Data are reviewed that suggest PQQ’s modulation of lactate acid and perhaps other dehydrogenases enhance NAD+–dependent sirtuin activity, along with the sirtuin targets, such as PGC-1α, NRF-1, NRF-2 and TFAM; thus, mediating mitochondrial functions. Taken together, current observations suggest vitamin-like PQQ has strong potential as a potent therapeutic nutraceutical.

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“…Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality for several diseases, e.g., cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although inflammation, particularly in the visceral adipose tissue, was appointed as a major cause of obesity-associated comorbidities [ 13 , 14 ], microbiota might play a key role also in regulating intestinal immunity and, therefore, local and systemic inflammation associated with obesity and its related diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Gut Microbiota through Low-Grade Inflammation to Obesity: Key Players and Potential Targets

et al. 2022

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During the last decades, the gut microbiota has gained much interest in relation to human health. Mounting evidence has shown a strict association between gut microbiota and obesity and its related diseases. Inflammation has been appointed as the driving force behind this association. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which gut microbiota might influence inflammation in the host could pave for the identification of effective strategies to reduce inflammation-related diseases, such as obesity and obesity-related diseases. For this purpose, we carried out an extensive literature search for studies published in the English language during the last 10 years. Most relevant studies were used to provide a comprehensive view of all aspects related to the association of gut microbiota and low-grade inflammation with obesity. Accordingly, this narrative review reports the evidence on the key players supporting the role of gut microbiota in the modulation of inflammation in relation to obesity and its complications. Moreover, therapeutic approaches to reduce microbiota-related inflammation are discussed to provide potential targets for future research.

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The gut microbiota as a versatile immunomodulator in obesity and associated metabolic disorders

Cited by 23 publications

References 86 publications

The Allium Derivate Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate Exerts Anti-Obesogenic Effects in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity

The Allium Derivate Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate Exerts Anti-Obesogenic Effects in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity

Pyrroloquinoline-Quinone Is More Than an Antioxidant: A Vitamin-like Accessory Factor Important in Health and Disease Prevention

From Gut Microbiota through Low-Grade Inflammation to Obesity: Key Players and Potential Targets

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