The Allium Derivate Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate Exerts Anti-Obesogenic Effects in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity

Abstract

Allium species and their organosulfur-derived compounds could prevent obesity and metabolic dysfunction, as they exhibit immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties. Here, we report the anti-obesogenic potential and dose-dependent effects (0.1 or 1 mg/kg/day) of propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. The obesogenic diet increased body weight gain and adipocyte size, and boosted inflammatory marker (Cd11c) expression in the adipose tissue. Conversely, PTS prevented these effects in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the higher dose of PTS improved glucose and hepatic homeostasis, modulated lipid metabolism, and raised markers of the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue. In the colon, the obesogenic diet reduced IL-22 levels and increased gut barrier function markers (Cldn3, Muc2, Reg3g, DefaA); however, the highest PTS dose normalized all of these markers to the levels of mice fed a standard diet. Gut microbiota analyses revealed no differences in diversity indexes and only minor taxonomic changes, such as an increase in butyrate producers, Intestimonas and Alistipes, and a decrease in Bifidobacterium in mice receiving the highest PTS dose. In summary, our study provides preclinical evidence for the protective effects of PTS against obesity, which if confirmed in humans, might provide a novel plant-based dietary product to counteract this condition.

In Vitro Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Allium-Derived Compounds Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) and Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate (PTS)

“…In a more recent work, PTSO showed its capacity of attenuating the obesity-associated systemic inflammation, reducing the expression of the mentioned cytokines in adipose and hepatic tissues in mice [ 87 ]. Moreover, in a murine model, PTS was able to normalize the levels of IL-22 of animals fed an obesogenic diet [ 88 ].…”

Intestinal group 1 innate lymphoid cells drive macrophage-induced inflammation and endocrine defects in obesity and promote insulinemia

“…RT-qPCR was performed with the LightCycler® 480 Instrument (Roche). 43 Data were analyzed using the 2 −ΔΔCT method. Targeted genes were normalized against ribosomal protein L19 ( Rpl19 ) as the housekeeping gene; primer sequences are detailed in Supplemental Table S3.…”

“…Bright-field digital images were taken using an Eclipse 90I (E90I) Nikon microscope (Nikon Corp., Tokyo, Japan) and analyzed as previously described. 43 NECs in the ileum were detected in paraffin sections (5 μm) immunostained with an antibody to synaptophysin, using the Autostainer link 48 (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark). The results were expressed as the average NEC number per mucosal area (number/mm 2 ).…”