The gut-lung axis in severe acute Pancreatitis-associated lung injury: The protection by the gut microbiota through short-chain fatty acids

Wang, Zhengjian; Liu, Jin; Li, Fan; Luo, Yalan; Ge, Peng; Zhang, Hongjie; Wen, Haiyun; Yang, Qi; Ma, Shu‐Rong; Chen, Hailong

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106321

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…These microbiota-derived metabolites play important roles in maintaining epithelial function and participate in various metabolic pathways (e.g., lipid and glucose metabolism) [ 54 , 55 ]. In our study, AMPs reduced the fecal acetic acid concentration on BT1d, possibly due to the decreased abundance of Bacteroides , which are the main acetic-acid-producing bacteria [ 56 ]. However, fecal total BCFAs levels were higher in cats fed with AMPs on AT1d.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides Relieve Transportation Stress in Ragdoll Cats by Regulating the Gut Microbiota

Yang

Wen

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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Transportation is common in cats and often causes stress and intestinal disorders. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, and they may have the capacity for antioxidant and immune regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with AMPs on stress response, gut microbiota and metabolites of cats that have undergone transport stress. A total of 14 Ragdoll cats were randomly allocated into 2 treatments: basal diet (CON) and a basal diet supplemented with 0.3% AMPs. After a 6-week feeding period, all cats were transported for 3 h and, then, fed for another week. The results show that the diarrhea rate of cats was markedly reduced by supplementation with AMPs throughout the trial period (p < 0.05). In addition, AMPs significantly reduced serum cortisol and serum amyloid A (p < 0.05) and increased apolipoprotein 1 after transportation (p < 0.05). Moreover, AMPs reduced the level of inflammatory factors in the serum caused by transportation stress, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) (p < 0.05). The AMPs enhanced the activities of glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.01) and superoxide dismutase (p < 0.05). Furthermore, cats fed AMPs had higher levels of branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and a relative abundance of Blautia and a lower relative abundance of Negativibacillus after transportation (p < 0.05). The serum metabolome analysis further revealed that AMPs markedly regulated lipid metabolism by upregulating cholic acid expression. In conclusion, AMP supplementation alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory response in transportation by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolites, thereby relieving stress-induced diarrhea and supporting gut and host health in cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides Relieve Transportation Stress in Ragdoll Cats by Regulating the Gut Microbiota

Yang

Wen

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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“…211 Studies have shown that most pancreatic and extra-pancreatic organ infections originate in the intestine and induce inflammatory responses, which are major causes of 'secondary attack' and increased late death of patients with SAP. 212 Changes in the GM play an important role in intestinal homeostasis and aggravate the inflammatory response under intestinal 190 Wang et al, 199,200 Zhang et al 201 Six different strains of probiotic prophylaxis mixture More multiorgan failure-related deaths…”

Section: Therapeutic Advances In Gastroenterologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota interacts with inflammatory responses in acute pancreatitis

Wu,

Hu,

et al. 2023

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common acute abdominal conditions, and its incidence has been increasing for years. Approximately 15–20% of patients develop severe AP (SAP), which is complicated by critical inflammatory injury and intestinal dysfunction. AP-associated inflammation can lead to the gut barrier and function damage, causing dysbacteriosis and facilitating intestinal microbiota migration. Pancreatic exocrine deficiency and decreased levels of antimicrobial peptides in AP can also lead to abnormal growth of intestinal bacteria. Meanwhile, intestinal microbiota migration influences the pancreatic microenvironment and affects the severity of AP, which, in turn, exacerbates the systemic inflammatory response. Thus, the interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and the inflammatory response may be a key pathogenic feature of SAP. Treating either of these factors or breaking their interaction may offer some benefits for SAP treatment. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of interaction of the GM and inflammation in AP and factors that can deteriorate or even cure both, including some traditional Chinese medicine treatments, to provide new methods for studying AP pathogenesis and developing therapies.

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“…To summarize, the activation of the cytokine storm is caused by the upregulation of extracellular mediators such as DAMPs, histones, and ncRNAs during AP. Intriguingly, emerging research has shown that the pancreas–lung axis [ 6 ] and the gut–lung axis [ 21 ] may mediate the cytokine storm in AP-associated ALI, and that exosomes may be major carriers of extracellular mediators transported along the signaling axis.…”

Section: Exosomes and Ap-associated Alimentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting Fire with Fire: Exosomes and Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury

et al. 2022

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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a prevalent clinical condition of the digestive system, with a growing frequency each year. Approximately 20% of patients suffer from severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with local consequences and multi-organ failure, putting a significant strain on patients’ health insurance. According to reports, the lungs are particularly susceptible to SAP. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, a severe type of acute lung injury (ALI), is the primary cause of mortality among AP patients. Controlling the mortality associated with SAP requires an understanding of the etiology of AP-associated ALI, the discovery of biomarkers for the early detection of ALI, and the identification of potentially effective drug treatments. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30–150 nm that are actively released into tissue fluids to mediate biological functions. Exosomes are laden with bioactive cargo, such as lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. During the initial stages of AP, acinar cell-derived exosomes suppress forkhead box protein O1 expression, resulting in M1 macrophage polarization. Similarly, macrophage-derived exosomes activate inflammatory pathways within endothelium or epithelial cells, promoting an inflammatory cascade response. On the other hand, a part of exosome cargo performs tissue repair and anti-inflammatory actions and inhibits the cytokine storm during AP. Other reviews have detailed the function of exosomes in the development of AP, chronic pancreatitis, and autoimmune pancreatitis. The discoveries involving exosomes at the intersection of AP and acute lung injury (ALI) are reviewed here. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of exosomes in AP and associated ALI. With the continuous improvement of technological tools, the research on exosomes has gradually shifted from basic to clinical applications. Several exosome-specific non-coding RNAs and proteins can be used as novel molecular markers to assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of AP and associated ALI.

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The gut-lung axis in severe acute Pancreatitis-associated lung injury: The protection by the gut microbiota through short-chain fatty acids

Cited by 41 publications

References 186 publications

Antimicrobial Peptides Relieve Transportation Stress in Ragdoll Cats by Regulating the Gut Microbiota

Antimicrobial Peptides Relieve Transportation Stress in Ragdoll Cats by Regulating the Gut Microbiota

Gut microbiota interacts with inflammatory responses in acute pancreatitis

Fighting Fire with Fire: Exosomes and Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury

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